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An overly filled HDD (hard disk drive) can lead to a number of problems:

1. Slower Performance: When an HDD is almost full, it takes longer for the system to find and retrieve data, leading to sluggish performance. This is because the drive has to work harder to locate the data among the clutter.

2. Fragmentation: Data on an HDD can become fragmented, meaning files are split into pieces and stored in different locations on the disk. This increases read and write times, further slowing down your computer.

3. Limited Space for Temporary Files: Operating systems and applications often need to create temporary files for various tasks. If the HDD is nearly full, there won't be enough space for these temporary files, which can cause applications to crash or not run properly.

4. Reduced Lifespan: Constantly operating at near capacity can put more wear and tear on the HDD, potentially reducing its lifespan and increasing the risk of failure.

5. Inability to Install Updates or New Software: You may not have enough space to download and install system updates or new applications, which can leave your system vulnerable to security threats or limit functionality.

To avoid these issues, it's a good practice to keep some free space on your HDD, ideally around 15-20% of its total capacity.