vim syntax highlighting for perl, to use colors instead of \ and "

" Vim syntax file
" Language:      Perl
" Maintainer:    vim-perl <vim-perl@googlegroups.com>
" Homepage:      https://github.com/vim-perl/vim-perl
" Bugs/requests: https://github.com/vim-perl/vim-perl/issues
" License:       Vim License (see :help license)
" Last Change:   2022 Jun 13
" Contributors:  Andy Lester <andy@petdance.com>
"                Hinrik Örn Sigurðsson <hinrik.sig@gmail.com>
"                Lukas Mai <l.mai.web.de>
"                Nick Hibma <nick@van-laarhoven.org>
"                Sonia Heimann <niania@netsurf.org>
"                Rob Hoelz <rob@hoelz.ro>
"                Doug Kearns <dougkearns@gmail.com>
"                and many others.
"
" Please download the most recent version first, before mailing
" any comments.
"
" The following parameters are available for tuning the
" perl syntax highlighting, with defaults given:
"
" let perl_include_pod = 1
" unlet perl_no_scope_in_variables
" unlet perl_no_extended_vars
" unlet perl_string_as_statement
" unlet perl_no_sync_on_sub
" unlet perl_no_sync_on_global_var
" let perl_sync_dist = 100
" unlet perl_fold
" unlet perl_fold_blocks
" unlet perl_nofold_packages
" unlet perl_nofold_subs
" unlet perl_fold_anonymous_subs
" unlet perl_no_subprototype_error

if exists("b:current_syntax")
  finish
endif

let s:cpo_save = &cpo
set cpo&vim

" POD starts with ^=<word> and ends with ^=cut

if get(g:, 'perl_include_pod', 1)
  " Include a while extra syntax file
  syn include @Pod syntax/pod.vim
  unlet b:current_syntax
  if get(g:, 'perl_fold', 1)
    syn region perlPOD start="^=[a-z]" end="^=cut" contains=@Pod,@Spell,perlTodo keepend fold extend
    syn region perlPOD start="^=cut" end="^=cut" contains=perlTodo keepend fold extend
  else
    syn region perlPOD start="^=[a-z]" end="^=cut" contains=@Pod,@Spell,perlTodo keepend
    syn region perlPOD start="^=cut" end="^=cut" contains=perlTodo keepend
  endif
else
  " Use only the bare minimum of rules
  if get(g:, 'perl_fold', 1)
    syn region perlPOD start="^=[a-z]" end="^=cut" fold
  else
    syn region perlPOD start="^=[a-z]" end="^=cut"
  endif
endif


syn cluster perlTop     contains=TOP

syn region perlBraces start="{" end="}" transparent extend

" All keywords
"
syn match perlConditional       "\<\%(if\|elsif\|unless\|given\|when\|default\)\>"
syn match perlConditional       "\<else\%(\%(\_s\*if\>\)\|\>\)" contains=perlElseIfError skipwhite skipnl skipempty
syn match perlRepeat            "\<\%(while\|for\%(each\)\=\|do\|until\|continue\)\>"
syn match perlOperator          "\<\%(defined\|undef\|eq\|ne\|[gl][et]\|cmp\|not\|and\|or\|xor\|not\|bless\|ref\|do\)\>"
" for some reason, adding this as the nextgroup for perlControl fixes BEGIN
" folding issues...
syn match perlFakeGroup         "" contained
syn match perlControl           "\<\%(BEGIN\|CHECK\|INIT\|END\|UNITCHECK\)\>\_s*" nextgroup=perlFakeGroup

syn match perlStatementStorage      "\<\%(my\|our\|local\|state\)\>"
syn match perlStatementControl      "\<\%(return\|last\|next\|redo\|goto\|break\)\>"
syn match perlStatementScalar       "\<\%(chom\=p\|chr\|crypt\|r\=index\|lc\%(first\)\=\|length\|ord\|pack\|sprintf\|substr\|fc\|uc\%(first\)\=\)\>"
syn match perlStatementRegexp       "\<\%(pos\|quotemeta\|split\|study\)\>"
syn match perlStatementNumeric      "\<\%(abs\|atan2\|cos\|exp\|hex\|int\|log\|oct\|rand\|sin\|sqrt\|srand\)\>"
syn match perlStatementList     "\<\%(splice\|unshift\|shift\|push\|pop\|join\|reverse\|grep\|map\|sort\|unpack\)\>"
syn match perlStatementHash     "\<\%(delete\|each\|exists\|keys\|values\)\>"
syn match perlStatementIOfunc       "\<\%(syscall\|dbmopen\|dbmclose\)\>"
syn match perlStatementFiledesc     "\<\%(binmode\|close\%(dir\)\=\|eof\|fileno\|getc\|lstat\|printf\=\|read\%(dir\|line\|pipe\)\|rewinddir\|say\|select\|stat\|tell\%(dir\)\=\|write\)\>" nextgroup=perlFiledescStatementNocomma skipwhite
syn match perlStatementFiledesc     "\<\%(fcntl\|flock\|ioctl\|open\%(dir\)\=\|read\|seek\%(dir\)\=\|sys\%(open\|read\|seek\|write\)\|truncate\)\>" nextgroup=perlFiledescStatementComma skipwhite
syn match perlStatementVector       "\<vec\>"
syn match perlStatementFiles        "\<\%(ch\%(dir\|mod\|own\|root\)\|glob\|link\|mkdir\|readlink\|rename\|rmdir\|symlink\|umask\|unlink\|utime\)\>"
syn match perlStatementFiles        "-[rwxoRWXOezsfdlpSbctugkTBMAC]\>"
syn match perlStatementFlow     "\<\%(caller\|die\|dump\|eval\|exit\|wantarray\|evalbytes\)\>"
syn match perlStatementInclude      "\<\%(require\|import\|unimport\)\>"
syn match perlStatementInclude      "\<\%(use\|no\)\s\+\%(\%(attributes\|attrs\|autodie\%(::\%(exception\%(::system\)\=\|hints\|skip\)\)\=\|autouse\|parent\|base\|big\%(int\|num\|rat\)\|blib\|bytes\|charnames\|constant\|deprecate\|diagnostics\|encoding\%(::warnings\)\=\|experimental\|feature\|fields\|filetest\|if\|integer\|less\|lib\|locale\|mro\|ok\|open\|ops\|overload\|overloading\|re\|sigtrap\|sort\|strict\|subs\|threads\%(::shared\)\=\|utf8\|vars\|version\|vmsish\|warnings\%(::register\)\=\)\>\)\="
syn match perlStatementProc     "\<\%(alarm\|exec\|fork\|get\%(pgrp\|ppid\|priority\)\|kill\|pipe\|set\%(pgrp\|priority\)\|sleep\|system\|times\|wait\%(pid\)\=\)\>"
syn match perlStatementSocket       "\<\%(accept\|bind\|connect\|get\%(peername\|sock\%(name\|opt\)\)\|listen\|recv\|send\|setsockopt\|shutdown\|socket\%(pair\)\=\)\>"
syn match perlStatementIPC      "\<\%(msg\%(ctl\|get\|rcv\|snd\)\|sem\%(ctl\|get\|op\)\|shm\%(ctl\|get\|read\|write\)\)\>"
syn match perlStatementNetwork      "\<\%(\%(end\|[gs]et\)\%(host\|net\|proto\|serv\)ent\|get\%(\%(host\|net\)by\%(addr\|name\)\|protoby\%(name\|number\)\|servby\%(name\|port\)\)\)\>"
syn match perlStatementPword        "\<\%(get\%(pw\%(uid\|nam\)\|gr\%(gid\|nam\)\|login\)\)\|\%(end\|[gs]et\)\%(pw\|gr\)ent\>"
syn match perlStatementTime     "\<\%(gmtime\|localtime\|time\)\>"

syn match perlStatementMisc     "\<\%(warn\|format\|formline\|reset\|scalar\|prototype\|lock\|tied\=\|untie\)\>"

syn keyword perlTodo            TODO TODO: TBD TBD: FIXME FIXME: XXX XXX: NOTE NOTE: contained

syn region perlStatementIndirObjWrap   matchgroup=perlStatementIndirObj start="\%(\<\%(map\|grep\|sort\|printf\=\|say\|system\|exec\)\>\s*\)\@<={" end="}" transparent extend

syn match perlLabel      "^\s*\h\w*\s*::\@!\%(\<v\d\+\s*:\)\@<!"

" Perl Identifiers.
"
" Should be cleaned up to better handle identifiers in particular situations
" (in hash keys for example)
"
" Plain identifiers: $foo, @foo, $#foo, %foo, &foo and dereferences $$foo, @$foo, etc.
" We do not process complex things such as @{${"foo"}}. Too complicated, and
" too slow. And what is after the -> is *not* considered as part of the
" variable - there again, too complicated and too slow.

" Special variables first ($^A, ...) and ($|, $', ...)
syn match  perlVarPlain      "$^[ACDEFHILMNOPRSTVWX]\="
syn match  perlVarPlain      "$[\\\"\[\]'&`+*.,;=%~!?@#$<>(-]"
syn match  perlVarPlain      "@[-+]"
syn match  perlVarPlain      "$\%(0\|[1-9]\d*\)"
" Same as above, but avoids confusion in $::foo (equivalent to $main::foo)
syn match  perlVarPlain      "$::\@!"
" These variables are not recognized within matches.
syn match  perlVarNotInMatches   "$[|)]"
" This variable is not recognized within matches delimited by m//.
syn match  perlVarSlash      "$/"

" And plain identifiers
syn match  perlPackageRef    "[$@#%*&]\%(\%(::\|'\)\=\I\i*\%(\%(::\|'\)\I\i*\)*\)\=\%(::\|'\)\I"ms=s+1,me=e-1 contained

" To not highlight packages in variables as a scope reference - i.e. in
" $pack::var, pack:: is a scope, just set "perl_no_scope_in_variables"
" If you don't want complex things like @{${"foo"}} to be processed,
" just set the variable "perl_no_extended_vars"...

if !get(g:, 'perl_no_scope_in_variables', 0)
  syn match  perlVarPlain       "\%([@$]\|\$#\)\$*\%(\I\i*\)\=\%(\%(::\|'\)\I\i*\)*\%(::\|\i\@<=\)" contains=perlPackageRef nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref
  syn match  perlVarPlain2                   "%\$*\%(\I\i*\)\=\%(\%(::\|'\)\I\i*\)*\%(::\|\i\@<=\)" contains=perlPackageRef nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref
  syn match  perlFunctionName                "&\$*\%(\I\i*\)\=\%(\%(::\|'\)\I\i*\)*\%(::\|\i\@<=\)" contains=perlPackageRef nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref
else
  syn match  perlVarPlain       "\%([@$]\|\$#\)\$*\%(\I\i*\)\=\%(\%(::\|'\)\I\i*\)*\%(::\|\i\@<=\)" nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref
  syn match  perlVarPlain2                   "%\$*\%(\I\i*\)\=\%(\%(::\|'\)\I\i*\)*\%(::\|\i\@<=\)" nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref
  syn match  perlFunctionName                "&\$*\%(\I\i*\)\=\%(\%(::\|'\)\I\i*\)*\%(::\|\i\@<=\)" nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref
endif

syn match  perlVarPlain2     "%[-+]"

if !get(g:, 'perl_no_extended_vars', 0)
  syn cluster perlExpr      contains=perlStatementIndirObjWrap,perlStatementScalar,perlStatementRegexp,perlStatementNumeric,perlStatementList,perlStatementHash,perlStatementFiles,perlStatementTime,perlStatementMisc,perlVarPlain,perlVarPlain2,perlVarNotInMatches,perlVarSlash,perlVarBlock,perlVarBlock2,perlShellCommand,perlFloat,perlNumber,perlStringUnexpanded,perlString,perlQ,perlQQ,perlQW,perlQR,perlArrow,perlBraces
  syn region perlArrow      matchgroup=perlArrow start="->\s*(" end=")" contains=@perlExpr nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref contained
  syn region perlArrow      matchgroup=perlArrow start="->\s*\[" end="\]" contains=@perlExpr nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref contained
  syn region perlArrow      matchgroup=perlArrow start="->\s*{" end="}" contains=@perlExpr nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref contained
  syn match  perlArrow      "->\s*{\s*\I\i*\s*}" contains=perlVarSimpleMemberName nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref contained
  syn region perlVarBlock   matchgroup=perlVarPlain start="\%($#\|[$@]\)\$*{" skip="\\}" end=+}\|\%(\%(<<\%('\|"\)\?\)\@=\)+ contains=@perlExpr nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref extend
  syn region perlVarBlock2  matchgroup=perlVarPlain start="[%&*]\$*{" skip="\\}" end=+}\|\%(\%(<<\%('\|"\)\?\)\@=\)+ contains=@perlExpr nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref extend
  syn match  perlVarPlain2  "[%&*]\$*{\I\i*}" nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref extend
  syn match  perlVarPlain   "\%(\$#\|[@$]\)\$*{\I\i*}" nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref extend
  syn region perlVarMember  matchgroup=perlVarPlain start="\%(->\)\={" skip="\\}" end="}" contained contains=@perlExpr nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref extend
  syn match  perlVarSimpleMember    "\%(->\)\={\s*\I\i*\s*}" nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref contains=perlVarSimpleMemberName contained extend
  syn match  perlVarSimpleMemberName    "\I\i*" contained
  syn region perlVarMember  matchgroup=perlVarPlain start="\%(->\)\=\[" skip="\\]" end="]" contained contains=@perlExpr nextgroup=perlVarMember,perlVarSimpleMember,perlPostDeref extend
  syn match perlPackageConst    "__PACKAGE__" nextgroup=perlPostDeref
  syn match  perlPostDeref  "->\%($#\|[$@%&*]\)\*" contained nextgroup=perlVarSimpleMember,perlVarMember,perlPostDeref
  syn region  perlPostDeref start="->\%($#\|[$@%&*]\)\[" skip="\\]" end="]" contained contains=@perlExpr nextgroup=perlVarSimpleMember,perlVarMember,perlPostDeref
  syn region  perlPostDeref matchgroup=perlPostDeref start="->\%($#\|[$@%&*]\){" skip="\\}" end="}" keepend extend contained contains=@perlExpr nextgroup=perlVarSimpleMember,perlVarMember,perlPostDeref
endif

" File Descriptors
syn match  perlFiledescRead "<\h\w*>"

syn match  perlFiledescStatementComma   "(\=\s*\<\u\w*\>\s*,"me=e-1 transparent contained contains=perlFiledescStatement
syn match  perlFiledescStatementNocomma "(\=\s*\<\u\w*\>\s*[^, \t]"me=e-1 transparent contained contains=perlFiledescStatement

syn match  perlFiledescStatement    "\<\u\w*\>" contained

" Special characters in strings and matches
syn match  perlSpecialString    "\\\%(\o\{1,3}\|x\%({\x\+}\|\x\{1,2}\)\|c.\|[^cx]\)" contained contains=perlEsc extend
syn match  perlSpecialStringU2  "\\." extend contained contains=perlEsc
syn match  perlSpecialStringU   "\\\\" contained conceal cchar=\
syn match  perlEsc      "\\" conceal contained
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "\\[1-9]" contained extend
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "\\g\%(\d\+\|{\%(-\=\d\+\|\h\w*\)}\)" contained
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "\\k\%(<\h\w*>\|'\h\w*'\)" contained
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "{\d\+\%(,\%(\d\+\)\=\)\=}" contained
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "\[[]-]\=[^\[\]]*[]-]\=\]" contained extend
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "[+*()?.]" contained
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "(?[#:=!]" contained
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "(?[impsx]*\%(-[imsx]\+\)\=)" contained
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "(?\%([-+]\=\d\+\|R\))" contained
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "(?\%(&\|P[>=]\)\h\w*)" contained
syn match  perlSpecialMatch "(\*\%(\%(PRUNE\|SKIP\|THEN\)\%(:[^)]*\)\=\|\%(MARK\|\):[^)]*\|COMMIT\|F\%(AIL\)\=\|ACCEPT\))" contained

" Possible errors
"
" Highlight lines with only whitespace (only in blank delimited here documents) as errors
syn match  perlNotEmptyLine "^\s\+$" contained
" Highlight "} else if (...) {", it should be "} else { if (...) { " or "} elsif (...) {"
syn match perlElseIfError   "else\_s*if" containedin=perlConditional
syn keyword perlElseIfError elseif containedin=perlConditional

" Variable interpolation
"
" These items are interpolated inside "" strings and similar constructs.
syn cluster perlInterpDQ    contains=perlSpecialString,perlVarPlain,perlVarNotInMatches,perlVarSlash,perlVarBlock
" These items are interpolated inside '' strings and similar constructs.
syn cluster perlInterpSQ    contains=perlSpecialStringU,perlSpecialStringU2
" These items are interpolated inside m// matches and s/// substitutions.
syn cluster perlInterpSlash contains=perlSpecialString,perlSpecialMatch,perlVarPlain,perlVarBlock
" These items are interpolated inside m## matches and s### substitutions.
syn cluster perlInterpMatch contains=@perlInterpSlash,perlVarSlash

" Shell commands
syn region  perlShellCommand    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start="`" end="`" contains=@perlInterpDQ keepend

" Constants
"
" Numbers
syn case   ignore
syn match  perlNumber   "\<\%(0\|[1-9]\%(_\=\d\)*\)\>"
syn match  perlNumber   "\<0\%(x\x\%(_\=\x\)*\|b[01]\%(_\=[01]\)*\|o\=\%(_\=\o\)*\)\>"
syn match  perlFloat    "\<\d\%(_\=\d\)*e[-+]\=\d\%(_\=\d\)*"
syn match  perlFloat    "\<\d\%(_\=\d\)*\.\%(\d\%(_\=\d\)*\)\=\%(e[-+]\=\d\%(_\=\d\)*\)\="
syn match  perlFloat    "\.\d\%(_\=\d\)*\%(e[-+]\=\d\%(_\=\d\)*\)\="
syn match  perlFloat    "\<0x\x\%(_\=\x\)*p[-+]\=\d\%(_\=\d\)*"
syn match  perlFloat    "\<0x\x\%(_\=\x\)*\.\%(\x\%(_\=\x\)*\)\=\%(p[-+]\=\d\%(_\=\d\)*\)\="
syn match  perlFloat    "\<0x\.\x\%(_\=\x\)*\%(p[-+]\=\d\%(_\=\d\)*\)\="
syn case   match

syn match  perlString   "\<\%(v\d\+\%(\.\d\+\)*\|\d\+\%(\.\d\+\)\{2,}\)\>" contains=perlVStringV
syn match  perlVStringV "\<v" contained


syn region perlParensSQ     start=+(+ end=+)+ extend contained contains=perlParensSQ,@perlInterpSQ keepend
syn region perlBracketsSQ   start=+\[+ end=+\]+ extend contained contains=perlBracketsSQ,@perlInterpSQ keepend
syn region perlBracesSQ     start=+{+ end=+}+ extend contained contains=perlBracesSQ,@perlInterpSQ keepend
syn region perlAnglesSQ     start=+<+ end=+>+ extend contained contains=perlAnglesSQ,@perlInterpSQ keepend

syn region perlParensDQ     start=+(+ end=+)+ extend contained contains=perlParensDQ,@perlInterpDQ keepend
syn region perlBracketsDQ   start=+\[+ end=+\]+ extend contained contains=perlBracketsDQ,@perlInterpDQ keepend
syn region perlBracesDQ     start=+{+ end=+}+ extend contained contains=perlBracesDQ,@perlInterpDQ keepend
syn region perlAnglesDQ     start=+<+ end=+>+ extend contained contains=perlAnglesDQ,@perlInterpDQ keepend


" Simple version of searches and matches
syn match  perlMatchModifiers "[msixpadluncgo]\+" contained
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!m\>\s*\z([^[:space:]'([{<#]\)+ end=+\z1+ contains=@perlInterpMatch keepend extend nextgroup=perlMatchModifiers
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!m#+ end=+#+ contains=@perlInterpMatch keepend extend nextgroup=perlMatchModifiers
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!m\s*'+ end=+'+ contains=@perlInterpSQ keepend extend nextgroup=perlMatchModifiers
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!m\s*/+ end=+/+ contains=@perlInterpSlash keepend extend nextgroup=perlMatchModifiers
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!m\s*(+ end=+)+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlParensDQ keepend extend nextgroup=perlMatchModifiers
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!m\s*{+ end=+}+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlBracesDQ extend nextgroup=perlMatchModifiers
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!m\s*<+ end=+>+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlAnglesDQ keepend extend nextgroup=perlMatchModifiers
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!m\s*\[+ end=+\]+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlBracketsDQ keepend extend nextgroup=perlMatchModifiers

" Below some hacks to recognise the // variant. This is virtually impossible to catch in all
" cases as the / is used in so many other ways, but these should be the most obvious ones.
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start="\%([$@%&*]\@<!\%(\<split\|\<while\|\<if\|\<unless\|\.\.\|[-+*!~(\[{=]\)\s*\)\@<=/\%(/=\)\@!" start=+^/\%(/=\)\@!+ start=+\s\@<=/\%(/=\)\@![^[:space:][:digit:]$@%=]\@=\%(/\_s*\%([([{$@%&*[:digit:]"'`]\|\_s\w\|[[:upper:]_abd-fhjklnqrt-wyz]\)\)\@!+ skip=+\\/+ end=+/+ contains=@perlInterpSlash extend nextgroup=perlMatchModifiers


" Substitutions
" perlMatch is the first part, perlSubstitution* is the substitution part
syn match  perlSubstitutionModifiers "[msixpadluncgero]\+" contained
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!s\>\s*\z([^[:space:]'([{<#]\)+ end=+\z1+me=e-1 contains=@perlInterpMatch nextgroup=perlSubstitutionGQQ keepend extend
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!s\s*'+  end=+'+me=e-1 contains=@perlInterpSQ nextgroup=perlSubstitutionSQ keepend extend
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!s\s*/+  end=+/+me=e-1 contains=@perlInterpSlash nextgroup=perlSubstitutionGQQ keepend extend
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!s#+  end=+#+me=e-1 contains=@perlInterpMatch nextgroup=perlSubstitutionGQQ keepend extend
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!s\s*(+ end=+)+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlParensDQ nextgroup=perlSubstitutionGQQ skipwhite skipempty skipnl keepend extend
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!s\s*<+ end=+>+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlAnglesDQ nextgroup=perlSubstitutionGQQ skipwhite skipempty skipnl keepend extend
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!s\s*\[+ end=+\]+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlBracketsDQ nextgroup=perlSubstitutionGQQ skipwhite skipempty skipnl keepend extend
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!s\s*{+ end=+}+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlBracesDQ nextgroup=perlSubstitutionGQQ skipwhite skipempty skipnl keepend extend
syn region perlSubstitutionGQQ      matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\z([^[:space:]'([{<]\)+ end=+\z1+ keepend contained contains=@perlInterpDQ extend nextgroup=perlSubstitutionModifiers
syn region perlSubstitutionGQQ      matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+(+ end=+)+ contained contains=@perlInterpDQ,perlParensDQ keepend extend nextgroup=perlSubstitutionModifiers
syn region perlSubstitutionGQQ      matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\[+ end=+\]+ contained contains=@perlInterpDQ,perlBracketsDQ keepend extend nextgroup=perlSubstitutionModifiers
syn region perlSubstitutionGQQ      matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+{+ end=+}+ contained contains=@perlInterpDQ,perlBracesDQ keepend extend extend nextgroup=perlSubstitutionModifiers
syn region perlSubstitutionGQQ      matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+<+ end=+>+ contained contains=@perlInterpDQ,perlAnglesDQ keepend extend nextgroup=perlSubstitutionModifiers
syn region perlSubstitutionSQ       matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+'+  end=+'+ contained contains=@perlInterpSQ keepend extend nextgroup=perlSubstitutionModifiers

" Translations
" perlMatch is the first part, perlTranslation* is the second, translator part.
syn match  perlTranslationModifiers "[cdsr]\+" contained
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!\%(tr\|y\)\>\s*\z([^[:space:]([{<#]\)+ end=+\z1+me=e-1 contains=@perlInterpSQ nextgroup=perlTranslationGQ
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!\%(tr\|y\)#+ end=+#+me=e-1 contains=@perlInterpSQ nextgroup=perlTranslationGQ
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!\%(tr\|y\)\s*\[+ end=+\]+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlBracketsSQ nextgroup=perlTranslationGQ skipwhite skipempty skipnl
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!\%(tr\|y\)\s*(+ end=+)+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlParensSQ nextgroup=perlTranslationGQ skipwhite skipempty skipnl
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!\%(tr\|y\)\s*<+ end=+>+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlAnglesSQ nextgroup=perlTranslationGQ skipwhite skipempty skipnl
syn region perlMatch    matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!\%(tr\|y\)\s*{+ end=+}+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlBracesSQ nextgroup=perlTranslationGQ skipwhite skipempty skipnl
syn region perlTranslationGQ        matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\z([^[:space:]([{<]\)+ end=+\z1+ contained nextgroup=perlTranslationModifiers
syn region perlTranslationGQ        matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+(+ end=+)+ contains=perlParensSQ contained nextgroup=perlTranslationModifiers
syn region perlTranslationGQ        matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+\[+ end=+\]+ contains=perlBracketsSQ contained nextgroup=perlTranslationModifiers
syn region perlTranslationGQ        matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+{+ end=+}+ contains=perlBracesSQ contained nextgroup=perlTranslationModifiers
syn region perlTranslationGQ        matchgroup=perlMatchStartEnd start=+<+ end=+>+ contains=perlAnglesSQ contained nextgroup=perlTranslationModifiers


" Strings and q, qq, qw and qr expressions

syn region perlStringUnexpanded matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start="'" end="'" contains=@perlInterpSQ keepend extend concealends
syn region perlString       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+"+  end=+"+ contains=@perlInterpDQ keepend extend concealends
syn region perlQ        matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q\>\s*\z([^[:space:]#([{<]\)+ end=+\z1+ contains=@perlInterpSQ keepend extend
syn region perlQ        matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q#+ end=+#+ contains=@perlInterpSQ keepend extend
syn region perlQ        matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q\s*(+ end=+)+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlParensSQ keepend extend
syn region perlQ        matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q\s*\[+ end=+\]+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlBracketsSQ keepend extend
syn region perlQ        matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q\s*{+ end=+}+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlBracesSQ keepend extend
syn region perlQ        matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q\s*<+ end=+>+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlAnglesSQ keepend extend

syn region perlQQ       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q[qx]\>\s*\z([^[:space:]#([{<]\)+ end=+\z1+ contains=@perlInterpDQ keepend extend
syn region perlQQ       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q[qx]#+ end=+#+ contains=@perlInterpDQ keepend extend
syn region perlQQ       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q[qx]\s*(+ end=+)+ contains=@perlInterpDQ,perlParensDQ keepend extend
syn region perlQQ       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q[qx]\s*\[+ end=+\]+ contains=@perlInterpDQ,perlBracketsDQ keepend extend
syn region perlQQ       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q[qx]\s*{+ end=+}+ contains=@perlInterpDQ,perlBracesDQ keepend extend
syn region perlQQ       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!q[qx]\s*<+ end=+>+ contains=@perlInterpDQ,perlAnglesDQ keepend extend

syn region perlQW       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qw\s*\z([^[:space:]#([{<]\)+  end=+\z1+ contains=@perlInterpSQ keepend extend
syn region perlQW       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qw#+  end=+#+ contains=@perlInterpSQ keepend extend
syn region perlQW       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qw\s*(+  end=+)+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlParensSQ keepend extend
syn region perlQW       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qw\s*\[+  end=+\]+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlBracketsSQ keepend extend
syn region perlQW       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qw\s*{+  end=+}+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlBracesSQ keepend extend
syn region perlQW       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qw\s*<+  end=+>+ contains=@perlInterpSQ,perlAnglesSQ keepend extend

syn match  perlQRModifiers "[msixpadluno]\+" contained
syn region perlQR       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qr\>\s*\z([^[:space:]#([{<'/]\)+  end=+\z1+ contains=@perlInterpMatch keepend extend nextgroup=perlQRModifiers
syn region perlQR       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qr\s*/+  end=+/+ contains=@perlInterpSlash keepend extend nextgroup=perlQRModifiers
syn region perlQR       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qr#+  end=+#+ contains=@perlInterpMatch keepend extend nextgroup=perlQRModifiers
syn region perlQR       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qr\s*'+  end=+'+ contains=@perlInterpSQ keepend extend nextgroup=perlQRModifiers
syn region perlQR       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qr\s*(+  end=+)+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlParensDQ keepend extend nextgroup=perlQRModifiers

" A special case for qr{}, qr<> and qr[] which allows for comments and extra whitespace in the pattern
syn region perlQR       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qr\s*{+  end=+}+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlBracesDQ,perlComment keepend extend nextgroup=perlQRModifiers
syn region perlQR       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qr\s*<+  end=+>+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlAnglesDQ,perlComment keepend extend nextgroup=perlQRModifiers
syn region perlQR       matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+\<\%(::\|'\|->\)\@<!qr\s*\[+  end=+\]+ contains=@perlInterpMatch,perlBracketsDQ,perlComment keepend extend nextgroup=perlQRModifiers

" Constructs such as print <<EOF [...] EOF, 'here' documents
"
" XXX Any statements after the identifier are in perlString colour (i.e.
" 'if $a' in 'print <<EOF if $a'). This is almost impossible to get right it
" seems due to the 'auto-extending nature' of regions.
" XXX Indented heredocs are not perfect - they sometimes seem to take a moment
"     to update if switched from double to single quotes and vice versa.
"
" Note: bare delimiters such as << to mean <<"" are not supported. These are a
"       fatal error since 5.28 and, apparently, a rarely used feature.

syn region perlHereDocStart matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+<<\~\=\I\i*+                         end=+$+     contains=@perlTop oneline
syn region perlHereDocStart matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+<<\~\=\\\I\i*+                       end=+$+     contains=@perlTop oneline
syn region perlHereDocStart matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+<<\~\=\s*"[^\\"]*\%(\\.[^\\"]*\)*"+  end=+$+     contains=@perlTop oneline
syn region perlHereDocStart matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+<<\~\=\s*'[^\\']*\%(\\.[^\\']*\)*'+  end=+$+     contains=@perlTop oneline
syn region perlHereDocStart matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+<<\~\=\s*`[^\\`]*\%(\\.[^\\`]*\)*`+  end=+$+     contains=@perlTop oneline
syn region perlHereDocStart matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+<<\~\=\s*""+                         end=+$+     contains=@perlTop oneline
syn region perlHereDocStart matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+<<\~\=\s*''+                         end=+$+     contains=@perlTop oneline
syn region perlHereDocStart matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd start=+<<\~\=\s*``+                         end=+$+     contains=@perlTop oneline

if get(g:, 'perl_fold', 0)
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\z(\I\i*\)+                        matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ fold extend
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\\\z(\I\i*\)+                      matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ fold extend
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*"\z([^\\"]*\%(\\.[^\\"]*\)*\)"+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ fold extend
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*'\z([^\\']*\%(\\.[^\\']*\)*\)'+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ fold extend
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*`\z([^\\`]*\%(\\.[^\\`]*\)*\)`+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ fold extend
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*""+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+    contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ,perlNotEmptyLine fold extend
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*''+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+    contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ,perlNotEmptyLine fold extend
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*``+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+    contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ,perlNotEmptyLine fold extend
else
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\z(\I\i*\)+                        matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\\\z(\I\i*\)+                      matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*"\z([^\\"]*\%(\\.[^\\"]*\)*\)"+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*'\z([^\\']*\%(\\.[^\\']*\)*\)'+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*`\z([^\\`]*\%(\\.[^\\`]*\)*\)`+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*""+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+    contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ,perlNotEmptyLine
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*''+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+    contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ,perlNotEmptyLine
  syn region perlHereDoc    start=+<<\s*``+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+    contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ,perlNotEmptyLine
endif

if get(g:, 'perl_fold', 0)
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\z(\I\i*\)+                        matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\s*\z1$+ contains=perlIndentedHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ fold extend
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\\\z(\I\i*\)+                      matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\s*\z1$+ contains=perlIndentedHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ fold extend
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*"\z([^\\"]*\%(\\.[^\\"]*\)*\)"+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\s*\z1$+ contains=perlIndentedHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ fold extend
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*'\z([^\\']*\%(\\.[^\\']*\)*\)'+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\s*\z1$+ contains=perlIndentedHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ fold extend
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*`\z([^\\`]*\%(\\.[^\\`]*\)*\)`+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\s*\z1$+ contains=perlIndentedHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ fold extend
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*""+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+       contains=perlIndentedHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ,perlNotEmptyLine fold extend
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*''+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+       contains=perlIndentedHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ,perlNotEmptyLine fold extend
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*``+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+       contains=perlIndentedHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ,perlNotEmptyLine fold extend
else
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\z(\I\i*\)+                        matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\s*\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\\\z(\I\i*\)+                      matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\s*\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*"\z([^\\"]*\%(\\.[^\\"]*\)*\)"+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\s*\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*'\z([^\\']*\%(\\.[^\\']*\)*\)'+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\s*\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*`\z([^\\`]*\%(\\.[^\\`]*\)*\)`+ matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^\s*\z1$+ contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*""+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+       contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ,perlNotEmptyLine
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*''+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+       contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpSQ,perlNotEmptyLine
  syn region perlIndentedHereDoc    start=+<<\~\s*``+                             matchgroup=perlStringStartEnd end=+^$+       contains=perlHereDocStart,@perlInterpDQ,perlNotEmptyLine
endif


" Class declarations
"
syn match   perlPackageDecl     "\<package\s\+\%(\h\|::\)\%(\w\|::\)*" contains=perlStatementPackage
syn keyword perlStatementPackage    package contained

" Functions
if get(g:, "perl_sub_signatures", 0)
    syn match perlSubSignature "\s*([^)]*)" contained extend
else
    syn match perlSubPrototype "\s*([\\$@%&*\[\];]*)" contained extend
endif
syn match perlSubAttribute "\s*:\s*\h\w*\%(([^)]*)\|\)" contained extend
syn match perlSubName "\%(\h\|::\|'\w\)\%(\w\|::\|'\w\)*\s*" contained extend
syn region perlSubDeclaration start="" end="[;{]" contains=perlSubName,perlSubPrototype,perlSubAttribute,perlSubSignature,perlComment contained transparent
syn match perlFunction "\<sub\>\_s*" nextgroup=perlSubDeclaration

" The => operator forces a bareword to the left of it to be interpreted as
" a string
syn match  perlString "\I\@<!-\?\I\i*\%(\s*=>\)\@="

" All other # are comments, except ^#!
syn match  perlComment      "#.*" contains=perlTodo,@Spell extend
syn match  perlSharpBang    "^#!.*"

" Formats
syn region perlFormat       matchgroup=perlStatementIOFunc start="^\s*\<format\s\+\k\+\s*=\s*$"rs=s+6 end="^\s*\.\s*$" contains=perlFormatName,perlFormatField,perlVarPlain,perlVarPlain2
syn match  perlFormatName   "format\s\+\k\+\s*="lc=7,me=e-1 contained
syn match  perlFormatField  "[@^][|<>~]\+\%(\.\.\.\)\=" contained
syn match  perlFormatField  "[@^]#[#.]*" contained
syn match  perlFormatField  "@\*" contained
syn match  perlFormatField  "@[^A-Za-z_|<>~#*]"me=e-1 contained
syn match  perlFormatField  "@$" contained

" __END__ and __DATA__ clauses

" Vim excludes empty syn-region end lines from the fold region.  This is
" probably a bug and means a DATA section ending with an empty line does not
" have that final line included in the fold.
"
" As a workaround we exploit an unterminated syntax region here with an end
" pattern that will (probably) never match.  This forces all lines to be
" included in the fold region.  Of course, if it does match then there's
" nothing to work around as it is a non-empty line.
"
" This problem also exists with empty string delimited heredocs but there's no
" known workaround for that case.
if get(g:, 'perl_fold', 0)
  syntax region perlDATA matchgroup=perlDATAStart start="^__DATA__$" end="VIM_PERL_EOF\%$" contains=@perlDATA fold
  syntax region perlEND  matchgroup=perlENDStart  start="^__END__$"  end="VIM_PERL_EOF\%$" contains=@perlDATA fold
else
  syntax region perlDATA matchgroup=perlDATAStart start="^__DATA__$" end="\%$" contains=@perlDATA
  syntax region perlEND  matchgroup=perlENDStart  start="^__END__$"  end="\%$" contains=@perlDATA
endif

" TODO: generalise this to allow other filetypes
if get(g:, 'perl_highlight_data', 0)
  syn cluster perlDATA add=perlPOD
else
  syn cluster perlDATA remove=perlPOD
endif

"
" Folding
if get(g:, 'perl_fold', 0)
  " Note: this bit must come before the actual highlighting of the "package"
  " keyword, otherwise this will screw up Pod lines that match /^package/
  if !get(g:, 'perl_nofold_packages', 0)
    syn region perlPackageFold start="^package \S\+;\s*\%(#.*\)\=$" end="^1;\=\s*\%(#.*\)\=$" end="\n\+package"me=s-1 transparent fold keepend
    syn region perlPackageFold start="^\z(\s*\)package\s*\S\+\s*{" end="^\z1}" transparent fold keepend
  endif
  if !get(g:, 'perl_nofold_subs', 0)
    if get(g:, "perl_fold_anonymous_subs", 0)
      " EXPLANATION:
      " \<sub\>                  - "sub" keyword
      " \_[^;{]*                 - any characters, including new line, but not ";" or "{", zero or more times
      " \%(([\\$@%&*\[\];]*)\)\= - prototype definition, \$@%&*[]; characters between (), zero or 1 times
      " \_[^;]*                  - any characters, including new line, but not ";" or "{", zero or more times
      " {                        - start subroutine block
      syn region perlSubFold start="\<sub\>\_[^;{]*\%(([\\$@%&*\[\];]*)\)\=\_[^;{]*{" end="}" transparent fold keepend extend
    else
      " EXPLANATION:
      " same, as above, but first non-space character after "sub" keyword must
      " be [A-Za-z_]
      syn region perlSubFold start="\<sub\>\s*\h\_[^;{]*\%(([\\$@%&*\[\];]*)\)\=\_[^;]*{" end="}" transparent fold keepend extend
    endif

    syn region perlSubFold start="\<\%(BEGIN\|END\|CHECK\|INIT\|UNITCHECK\)\>\_s*{" end="}" transparent fold keepend
  endif

  if get(g:, 'perl_fold_blocks', 0)
    syn region perlBlockFold start="^\z(\s*\)\%(if\|elsif\|unless\|for\|while\|until\|given\)\s*(.*)\%(\s*{\)\=\s*\%(#.*\)\=$" start="^\z(\s*\)for\%(each\)\=\s*\%(\%(my\|our\)\=\s*\S\+\s*\)\=(.*)\%(\s*{\)\=\s*\%(#.*\)\=$" end="^\z1}\s*;\=\%(#.*\)\=$" transparent fold keepend

    " TODO this is works incorrectly
    syn region perlBlockFold start="^\z(\s*\)\%(do\|else\)\%(\s*{\)\=\s*\%(#.*\)\=$" end="^\z1}\s*while" end="^\z1}\s*;\=\%(#.*\)\=$" transparent fold keepend
  else
    if get(g:, 'perl_fold_do_blocks', 0)
      syn region perlDoBlockDeclaration start="" end="{" contains=perlComment contained transparent
      syn match perlOperator "\<do\>\_s*" nextgroup=perlDoBlockDeclaration

      syn region perlDoBlockFold start="\<do\>\_[^{]*{" end="}" transparent fold keepend extend
    endif
  endif

  syn sync fromstart
else
  " fromstart above seems to set minlines even if perl_fold is not set.
  syn sync minlines=0
endif

" NOTE: If you're linking new highlight groups to perlString, please also put
"       them into b:match_skip in ftplugin/perl.vim.

" The default highlighting.
hi def link perlSharpBang       PreProc
hi def link perlControl         PreProc
hi def link perlInclude         Include
hi def link perlSpecial         Special
hi def perlString           ctermbg=magenta ctermfg=black
hi def link perlCharacter       Character
hi def link perlNumber          Number
hi def link perlFloat           Float
hi def link perlType            Type
hi def link perlIdentifier      Identifier
hi def link perlLabel           Label
hi def link perlStatement       Statement
hi def link perlConditional     Conditional
hi def link perlRepeat          Repeat
hi def link perlOperator        Operator
hi def link perlFunction        Keyword
hi def link perlSubName         Function
hi def link perlSubPrototype        Type
hi def link perlSubSignature        Type
hi def link perlSubAttribute        PreProc
hi def link perlComment         Comment
hi def link perlTodo            Todo
if get(g:, 'perl_string_as_statement', 0)
  hi def link perlStringStartEnd    perlStatement
else
  hi def link perlStringStartEnd    perlString
endif
hi def link perlVStringV        perlStringStartEnd
hi def link perlList            perlStatement
hi def link perlMisc            perlStatement
hi def link perlVarPlain        perlIdentifier
hi def link perlVarPlain2       perlIdentifier
hi def link perlArrow           perlIdentifier
hi def link perlFiledescRead        perlIdentifier
hi def link perlFiledescStatement   perlIdentifier
hi def link perlVarSimpleMember     perlIdentifier
hi def link perlVarSimpleMemberName perlString
hi def link perlVarNotInMatches     perlIdentifier
hi def link perlVarSlash        perlIdentifier
hi def link perlQ           perlString
hi def link perlQQ          perlString
hi def link perlQW          perlString
hi def link perlQR          perlString
hi def link perlMatchModifiers          perlMatchStartEnd
hi def link perlSubstitutionModifiers   perlMatchStartEnd
hi def link perlTranslationModifiers    perlMatchStartEnd
hi def link perlQRModifiers             perlStringStartEnd
hi def link perlHereDoc         perlString
hi def link perlIndentedHereDoc     perlString
hi def link perlStringUnexpanded    perlString
hi def link perlSubstitutionSQ      perlString
hi def link perlSubstitutionGQQ     perlString
hi def link perlTranslationGQ       perlString
hi def link perlMatch           perlString
hi def link perlMatchStartEnd       perlStatement
hi def link perlFormatName      perlIdentifier
hi def link perlFormatField     perlString
hi def link perlPackageDecl     perlType
hi def link perlStorageClass        perlType
hi def link perlPackageRef      perlType
hi def link perlStatementPackage    perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementStorage    perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementControl    perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementScalar     perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementRegexp     perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementNumeric    perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementList       perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementHash       perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementIOfunc     perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementFiledesc   perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementVector     perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementFiles      perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementFlow       perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementInclude    perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementProc       perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementSocket     perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementIPC        perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementNetwork    perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementPword      perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementTime       perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementMisc       perlStatement
hi def link perlStatementIndirObj   perlStatement
hi def link perlFunctionName        perlIdentifier
hi def link perlMethod          perlIdentifier
hi def link perlPostDeref       perlIdentifier
hi def link perlFunctionPRef        perlType

if !get(g:, 'perl_include_pod', 1)
  hi def link perlPOD       perlComment
endif
hi def link perlShellCommand        perlString
hi def link perlSpecialAscii        perlSpecial
hi def link perlSpecialDollar       perlSpecial
hi def perlSpecialString        term=bold ctermfg=green
hi def link perlSpecialStringU      perlSpecial
hi def link perlSpecialMatch        perlSpecial
hi def link perlEND         perlComment
hi def link perlENDStart        perlEND
hi def link perlDATA            perlComment
hi def link perlDATAStart       perlDATA

" NOTE: Due to a bug in Vim (or more likely, a misunderstanding on my part),
"   I had to remove the transparent property from the following regions
"   in order to get them to highlight correctly.  Feel free to remove
"   these and reinstate the transparent property if you know how.
hi def link perlParensSQ        perlString
hi def link perlBracketsSQ      perlString
hi def link perlBracesSQ        perlString
hi def link perlAnglesSQ        perlString

hi def link perlParensDQ        perlString
hi def link perlBracketsDQ      perlString
hi def link perlBracesDQ        perlString
hi def link perlAnglesDQ        perlString

hi def link perlSpecialStringU2 perlSpecialString

" Possible errors
hi def link perlNotEmptyLine        Error
hi def link perlElseIfError     Error

" Syncing to speed up processing
"
if !get(g:, 'perl_no_sync_on_sub', 0)
  syn sync match perlSync   grouphere NONE "^\s*\<package\s"
  syn sync match perlSync   grouphere NONE "^\s*\<sub\>"
  syn sync match perlSync   grouphere NONE "^}"
endif

if !get(g:, 'perl_no_sync_on_global_var', 0)
  syn sync match perlSync   grouphere NONE "^$\I[[:alnum:]_:]+\s*=\s*{"
  syn sync match perlSync   grouphere NONE "^[@%]\I[[:alnum:]_:]+\s*=\s*("
endif

if get(g:, 'perl_sync_dist', 0)
  execute "syn sync maxlines=" . perl_sync_dist
else
  syn sync maxlines=100
endif

syn sync match perlSyncPOD  grouphere perlPOD "^=pod"
syn sync match perlSyncPOD  grouphere perlPOD "^=head"
syn sync match perlSyncPOD  grouphere perlPOD "^=item"
syn sync match perlSyncPOD  grouphere NONE "^=cut"

set conceallevel=2

let b:current_syntax = "perl"

let &cpo = s:cpo_save
unlet s:cpo_save

" XXX Change to sts=4:sw=4
" vim:ts=8:sts=2:sw=2:expandtab:ft=vim