array_manipulation

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Filename: array_manipulation.py
# Version: 1.0.0
# Author: Jeoi Reqi

"""
Description:
    This script enables manipulation of arrays by allowing users to insert or remove elements at the end or a specific index.
    It also provides visualization capabilities by plotting the array values with a smooth spline passing through them.

Requirements:
    - Python 3.x
    - matplotlib
    - scipy

Functions:
    - insertEnd(arr, n, length, capacity):
        Inserts a value at the end of the array.
    - removeEnd(arr, length):
        Removes a value from the end of the array.
    - insertMiddle(arr, i, n, length):
        Inserts a value at a specific index in the array.
    - removeMiddle(arr, i, length):
        Removes a value from a specific index in the array.
    - printArr(arr, capacity):
        Prints the array.
    - plotArr(arr, length):
        Plots the array values with a smooth spline passing through them.

Usage:
    - Run the script and input the number of elements in the array and the array values.
    - Follow the menu prompts to perform array manipulations or visualization.
    - Choices include inserting/removing values, printing the array, plotting the array, and exiting the program.

Additional Notes:
    - The smooth spline is generated using interpolation techniques.
    - The area under the smooth spline is filled with a transparent color for visualization.
"""

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.interpolate import make_interp_spline
from decimal import Decimal

def insertEnd(arr, n, length, capacity):
    """
    Inserts a value at the end of the array.

    Parameters:
        arr (list): The array.
        n (Decimal): The value to insert.
        length (int): The current length of the array.
        capacity (int): The maximum capacity of the array.
    """
    if length < capacity:
        arr[length] = Decimal(n)

def removeEnd(arr, length):
    """
    Removes a value from the end of the array.

    Parameters:
        arr (list): The array.
        length (int): The current length of the array.
    """
    if length > 0:
        arr[length - 1] = Decimal(0)

def insertMiddle(arr, i, n, length):
    """
    Inserts a value at a specific index in the array.

    Parameters:
        arr (list): The array.
        i (int): The index to insert at.
        n (Decimal): The value to insert.
        length (int): The current length of the array.
    """
    for index in range(length - 1, i - 1, -1):
        arr[index + 1] = arr[index]
    arr[i] = Decimal(n)

def removeMiddle(arr, i, length):
    """
    Removes a value from a specific index in the array.

    Parameters:
        arr (list): The array.
        i (int): The index to remove from.
        length (int): The current length of the array.
    """
    for index in range(i + 1, length):
        arr[index - 1] = arr[index]
    arr[length - 1] = Decimal(0)  # Set the last element to 0

def printArr(arr, capacity):
    """
    Prints the array.

    Parameters:
        arr (list): The array.
        capacity (int): The maximum capacity of the array.
    """
    for i in range(capacity):
        print(f"{i}: {arr[i]}")

def plotArr(arr, length):
    """
    Plots the array values with a smooth spline passing through them.

    Parameters:
        arr (list): The array.
        length (int): The current length of the array.
    """
    x = np.arange(length)
    y = arr[:length]

    # Check if all array values are zeros
    if all(value == Decimal(0) for value in y):
        print("Array is all zeros. No plot generated.")
        return

    # Generate a smooth spline passing through the array points
    spline = make_interp_spline(x, y)
    x_smooth = np.linspace(x.min(), x.max(), 1000)
    y_smooth = spline(x_smooth)

    # Plot the array and spline
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
    plt.plot(x_smooth, y_smooth, color='red', linewidth=2, label='Smooth Spline')
    plt.fill_between(x_smooth, y_smooth, color='pink', alpha=0.75)  # Fill under the spline with color
    plt.scatter(x, y, color='blue', marker='o', label='Array Points')
    for i, txt in enumerate(y):
        plt.annotate(f"{str(txt).rstrip('0').rstrip('.')}", (x[i], y[i]), textcoords="offset points", xytext=(0,10), ha='center')
    plt.xlabel('Index')
    plt.ylabel('Value')
    plt.title('Array Plot')
    plt.legend()
    plt.grid(True)
    plt.show()

def main():
    """
    Main function to demonstrate array manipulation and plotting.
    """
    capacity = 10
    arr = [Decimal(0)] * capacity
    length = 0

    num_values = int(input("How many values do you want to add to the array (up to 10)? "))
    num_values = min(num_values, capacity)

    print("Enter the values one by one:")
    for i in range(1, num_values + 1):  # Adjusted to start input at 1
        value = Decimal(input(f"Enter value {i}: "))
        insertEnd(arr, value, length, capacity)
        length += 1

    while True:
        print("\n  :: Manipulations Menu ::\n")
        print("1. Insert value at the end")
        print("2. Remove value from the end")
        print("3. Insert value at a specific index")
        print("4. Remove value from a specific index")
        print("5. Print array")
        print("6. Plot array")
        print("7. Exit")

        choice = input("\nEnter your choice: ")

        if choice == '1':
            n = Decimal(input("\nEnter value to insert: "))
            insertEnd(arr, n, length, capacity)
            length += 1
        elif choice == '2':
            removeEnd(arr, length)
            if length > 0:
                length -= 1
        elif choice == '3':
            i = int(input("\nEnter index to insert at: "))
            n = Decimal(input("\nEnter value to insert: "))
            if i >= 0 and i < length:
                insertMiddle(arr, i, n, length)
                length += 1
        elif choice == '4':
            i = int(input("\nEnter index to remove from: "))
            if i >= 0 and i < length:
                removeMiddle(arr, i, length)
                if length > 0:
                    length -= 1
        elif choice == '5':
            print("Array:")
            printArr(arr, capacity)
        elif choice == '6':
            plotArr(arr, length)
        elif choice == '7':
            print("\nExiting Program... GoodBye!\n")
            break
        else:
            print("\nInvalid choice! Please try again.\n")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()