01. Back To The Past

money = float(input())
year = int(input())
age = 18

for i in range(1800, year + 1):
    if i % 2 == 0:
        money -= 12000
    else:
        money -= 12000 + 50 * age
    age += 1

if money < 0:
    print(f'He will need {abs(money):.2f} dollars to survive.')
else:
    print(f'Yes! He will live a carefree life and will have {money:.2f} dollars left.')

РЕШЕНИЕ С ТЕРНАРЕН ОПЕРАТОР:

money = float(input())
year = int(input())
age = 18

for i in range(1800, year + 1):
    money -= 12000 + (0 if i % 2 == 0 else 50 * age)
    age += 1

print(f'He will need {abs(money):.2f} dollars to survive.' if money < 0 else
      f'Yes! He will live a carefree life and will have {money:.2f} dollars left.')

ИЛИ ЛЕКО ТАРИКАТСКАТА:)

money = float(input())
year = int(input()) - 1800

for i in range(year + 1):
    money -= 12000 + (0 if i % 2 == 0 else 50 * (18 + i))

print(f'He will need {abs(money):.2f} dollars to survive.' if money < 0 else
      f'Yes! He will live a carefree life and will have {money:.2f} dollars left.')