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- get function = true
- parameter = /: real
- real func
- end
- end
- return end
- 0)(real
- or program
- loc
- key+ end
- end
- ("attribute");
- write program > (
- read program
- then
- real program
- fortran is old
- print(complex/ids)?if
- complex = t
- use sign
- tru4
- and fortran
- {{
- optional choice
- ped
- real = then
- use attribute
- then
- use program
- or else
- program
- id:
- TO program =
- length = 1, < 3 3,, < 2> 5
- ThisIsALongFORTRANname = else
- Integer Constants: a string of digits with an optional sign:
- Correct Examples: 0, -345, 768, +12345
- Incorrect Examples:
- 1,234 : comma is not allowed
- 12.0: no decimal point
- --4 and ++3: too many optional signs
- 5- and 7+: the optional sign must precede the string of digits
- Real Constants: There are two representations, decimal representation and exponential representation.
- Decimal Representation: A decimal point must be presented, but no commas are allowed. A real constant can have an optional sign.
- Correct Examples: 23.45, .123, 123., -0.12, -.12
- Incorrect Examples:
- 12,345.95: no comma is allowed
- 75: real constant must have a decimal point
- 123.5-: the optional sign must precede the number
- $12.34: cannot use dollar sign $
- Exponential Representation: It consists of an integer or a real number in decimal representation (the mantissa or fractional part), followed by the letter E or e, followed by an integer (the exponent).
- Correct Examples
- 12.3456E2 or 12.3456e2: this is equal to 1234.56
- -3.14E1 or -3.14e1: this is equal to -31.4
- -1.2E-3 or -1.2e-3: this is equal to -0.0012
- 12E3 or 12e3: this is equal to 12000.0
- 0E0 or 0e0: this is equal to 0.0
- Incorrect Examples
- 12.34E1.2: the exponential part must be an integer constant
- 12.34-5: there is no exponential sign E or e
- Complex: Will not be covered in this course
- Logical: See Chapter 3
- Character String: Character constants must be enclosed between double quotes or apostrophes (single quotes).
- The of a string consists of all characters, spaces included, between the single or quote quotes, while the of the string is the number of characters of its content. The content of a string can be zero and in this case it is an
- Correct Examples:
- 'John' and "John": content = John and length = 4
- ' ' and " ": content = a single space and length = 1
- 'John Dow #2' and "John Dow #2": content = John Dow #2 and length = 11
- '' and "": content = nothing and length = 0 (empty string)
- Incorrect Examples:
- 'you and me: the closing apostrophe is missing
- Hello, world': the opening apostrophe is missing
- 'Hi" and "Hi': the opening and closing quotes do not match.
- If single quote is used in a string, then double quotes should be used to enclose the string:
- "Lori's apple"
- This string has content Lori's apple and length 12. Alternatively, you can write the single quote twice as follows:
- 'Lori''s apple'
- The compiler will treat a pair of single quotes in the content of a string as one. Thus, the content of the above string is still Lori's apple.
- Correct Examples:
- 'What''s this?': content = What's this? and length = 11
- '''''': content = '' and length = 2
- Incorrect Examples:
- 'Tech's seminar': the single quote between h and s should be written twice.
- end
- end
- end
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