#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <queue>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
#define ll long long
#define nl endl
#define cy cout << "YES\n"
#define cn cout << "NO\n"
#define sz s.size()
#define allv v.begin(), v.end()

void sherry()
{
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(nullptr), cout.tie(nullptr);
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
    freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin), freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
#endif
}
void solve()
{
    ll a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    ll c = a, x = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < a; i++)
    {
        x ^= i;
    }
    if (x == b)
    {
        cout << c << nl;
        return;
    }
    x = x ^ b;
    if (x == a)
        c++;
    cout << c + 1 << nl;
}
int main()
{
    sherry();
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--)
    {
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}