1)
from collections import defaultdict

num_records = int(input("Введите число строк: "))
votes = [input("Введите имена в алф. порядке и число голосов: ").split() for _ in range(num_records)]

results = defaultdict(int)
for candidate, count in votes:
  results[candidate] += int(count)

for candidate in sorted(results):
  print(f"{candidate} {results[candidate]}")
2)
strings = int(input("Ввести кол-во строк: "))
text = " ".join(input("Ввести строки(у): ") for i in range(strings)).lower()

word_counts = {}
for word in text.split():
  if word in word_counts:
    word_counts[word] += 1
  else:
    word_counts[word] = 1


most_frequent_word = min(word_counts, key = lambda word: (-word_counts[word], word))

print(most_frequent_word)
3)
n = int(input("Ввести число файлов: "))
file_permissions = {}

for i in range(n):
    file, *permissions = input("Ввести файл и операцию через пробел: ").split()
    file_permissions[file] = set(permissions)

m = int(input("Ввести кол-во запросов: "))

for i in range(m):
    operation, file = input("Ввести операцию и файл через пробел: ").split()
    if operation in file_permissions.get(file, set()):
        print("OK")
    else:
        print("Access denied")

sort_words()
4)
def sort_words():
    num_lines = int(input("Ввести кол-во строк: "))
    text = []
    for _ in range(num_lines):
        text.extend(input("Ввести строки: ").lower().split())

    word_counts = {}
    for word in text:
        word_counts[word] = word_counts.get(word, 0) + 1

    sorted_words = sorted(word_counts.items(), key=lambda item: (-item[1], item[0]))

    for word, _ in sorted_words:
        print(word)

sort_words()
5)
def find_cities():
    num_countries = int(input("Ввести кол-во стран: "))
    country_cities = {}
    for _ in range(num_countries):
        country, *cities = input("Ввести в ключ: города, в значение: страну ").split()
        for city in cities:
            country_cities[city] = country

    num_queries = int(input("Ввести кол-во запросов: "))
    for _ in range(num_queries):
        city = input("Ввести город: ")
        print(country_cities.get(city, "Страны нет в перечне"))

find_cities()
6)
def create_latin_english_dict():
    num_english_words = int(input("Ввести кол-во слов в словаре: "))
    english_to_latin = {}
    for _ in range(num_english_words):
        english_word, latin_translations = input("Ввести слова из словаря: ").split(" - ")
        latin_translations = latin_translations.split(", ")
        for latin_word in latin_translations:
            english_to_latin.setdefault(latin_word, []).append(english_word)

    latin_to_english = {}
    for latin_word, english_words in english_to_latin.items():
        latin_to_english[latin_word] = sorted(set(english_words))

    for latin_word in sorted(latin_to_english.keys()):
        english_translations = ", ".join(latin_to_english[latin_word])
        print(f"{latin_word} - {english_translations}")

create_latin_english_dict()
7)
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8)
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9)
def determine_heights():
    num_people = int(input("Ввести число элементов в генеалогическом древе: "))
    parent_child = {}
    for _ in range(num_people - 1):
        child, parent = input("Ввести имя ребёнка и имя родителя через пробел: ").split()
        parent_child[child] = parent

    heights = {}
    def calculate_height(person):
        if person not in heights:
            if person not in parent_child:
                heights[person] = 0
            else:
                heights[person] = calculate_height(parent_child[person]) + 1
        return heights[person]

    for person in sorted(parent_child.keys()):
        print(person, calculate_height(person))

determine_heights()

10)
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