REVERSE STRING
DATA SEGMENT
STRING DB 'IVASAV'
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA, ES: DATA_SEG
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV ES, AX
MOV BP, 02
MOV CX, 0006H
MOV SI, CX
MOV AX, CX
DIV BP
MOV CX, AX
XOR DI, DI
MOV BX, OFFSET STRING
MOV AL, [BX+SI]
XCHG [BX+DI], AL
MOV [BX+SI], AL
DEC SI
INC DI
LOOP 11
INT 03H

SUM OF ARRAY
DATA SEGMENT
ARR DB 01H,02H,03H,04H,05H
CNT DB 05H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AH,0H
MOV CL,CNT
LEA BX,ARR
MOV AL,0H
AGAIN:ADD AL,[BX]
INC BX
DEC CL
JNZ AGAIN
INT 03H
FACTORIAL
DATA SEGMENT
NUM DW 0004H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AX,NUM
MOV CX,NUM
DEC CX
AGAIN:MUL CX
DEC CX
JNZ AGAIN
MOV AH,4CH
INT 03H

FIBOACCI
DATA SEGMENT
ARR DB 01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,09,10
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV CL,05
MOV AL,00
MOV BL,01
FIB: MOV DL,00
ADD DL,BL
ADD DL,AL
MOV AL,BL
MOV BL,DL
LOOP FIB
INT 03H


ASCENDING DESENDING
DATA SEGMENT
ARR DB 05,04,02,01,03
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV CL,05
XOR AX,AX
MOV DL,CL
DEC CL
L2 : LEA BX,ARR
L1 :MOV AL,[BX]
CMP AL,[BX+1]
JC CONT
XCHG AL,[BX+1]
MOV [BX],AL
CONT : INC BX
LOOP L1
DEC DL
MOV CL,DL
LOOP L2
INT 03H
#############
DESCENDING JC --- JNC

SEARCH
DATA SEGMENT
COUNT EQU 06H
STR DB 'VASAVI'
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START: MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV ES,AX
MOV DI,OFFSET STR
MOV CX,COUNT
MOV AL,'I'
REPNZ SCASB
JNE NOTFIND
MOV BX,0055H
JMP EXIT
NOTFIND: MOV BX,00FFH
EXIT: INT 03H
LAREST & SMALEST
DATA SEGMENT
ARR DB 02H,03H,01H,05H,07H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
XOR AX,AX
MOV CL,05H
MOV DL,CL
DEC CL
L2: MOV BX,OFFSET ARR
L1: MOV AL, [BX]
CMP AL, [BX+1]
JNC CONT
XCHG AL,[BX+1]
MOV [BX],AL
CONT: INC BX
LOOP L1
DEC DL
MOV CL,DL
LOOP L2
INT 03H
#LARGE-JNC
#SMALL-JC

LED-SWITCH INTERFACE
1100 MOV AL,90
MOV DX,AL
OUT DX,AL
LOOP:MOV DX,AL
INC AL,DX
MOV DX,FF32
OUT DX,AL
JMP LOOP


MULTIBYTE ADDITION
DATA SEGMENT
NUM1 DB 15H,25H,35H
NUM2 DB 20H,34H,20H
NUM3 DB ?
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV CX,03H
CLC
LEA SI,NUM2
LEA BX,NUM2
LEA DI,NUM3
NEXT:MOV AL,[SI]
ADC AL,[BX]
INC SI
INC BX
INC DI
LOOP NEXT
INT 03H

SIGNED MUL-DIV
DATA SEGMENT
NUM1 DB 0F2H
NUM2 DB 02H
PRODUCT DB?
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AL,NUM1
MOV BL,NUM2
IMUL BX
IDIV BX
MOV PRODUCT,AX
MOV DIVISION,CX
INT 03H




BCD ADD
DATA SEGMENT
NUM1 DW 0005H
NUM2 DW 0008H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AX,NUM1
MOV BX,NUM2
ADC AX,BX
DAA
INT 03H

PACK-UNPACK BCD
DATA SEGMENT
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:MOV AX ,DATA
MOV DS ,AX
MOV AL, 07H
MOV AH, 03H
MOV BL, 01H
MOV BH, 02H
ADD AX, BX
AAA
INT 03H

TRAFFIC LIGHTS
A1100
MOV DS,FF36
MOV AX,80
OUT DS,AX
MOV DS,FF30
MOV AX,01
OUT DS,AX
MOV DS,FF32
MOV AX,02
OUT DS,AX



BCD-BINARY
DATA SEGMENT
BCDIN DB 17H
BINOUT DB ?
DATA ENDS
STACK SEGMENT
STKWRD DW 50 DUP(0)
TOS LABEL WORD
STACK ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START:MOV AX ,DATA
MOV DS ,AX
MOV AX ,STACK
MOV SS ,AX
MOV SP ,OFFSET TOS
LEA SI, BCDIN
LEA DI, BINOUT
CALL BCDTOBIN
INT 03H
BCDTOBIN PROC NEAR
MOV AL, [SI]
MOV BL, AL
AND BL, 0FH
AND AL, 0F0H
MOV CL, 04H
ROR AL, CL
MOV BH, 0AH
MUL BH
ADD AL, BL
MOV [DI], AL
RET
BCDTOBIN ENDP


STEPPER
A1100
MOV AL,80
MOV DX,FF36
OUT DX,AL
START:MOV SI,1200
MOV BL,04
REPEAT:MOV AL,[SI]
MOV DX,FF30
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY(111B)
INC SI
DEC BL
JNZ REPEAT(110B)
JMP START(1106)
DELAY
A111B
MOV CX,0903
LOOP:DEC CX
JNZ LOOP(111E)
RET

DC MOTOR
A1100
MOV AL,80
MOV DX,FF36
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,05
MOV DX,FF32
OUT DX,AL
CALL 1111
JMP 1106
MOV CX,FFFF
DEC CX
JNZ 1114
RET


0 TO 9 DISPLAY
1100 MOV AL,80
MOV DX,FF36
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,7F
MOV DDX,FF30
OUT DX,AL
AGN: CALL 1124
START: MOV CL,0A
MOV SI,1200
REP:MOV AL,[SI]
MOV DX,FF32
OUT DX,AL
CALL 1124
INC SI
DEC CL
JNZ REP
JMP START
DLY: MOV DX,FFFF
M:DEC DX
JNZ M
RET
ORG 1300H

7SEGMENT
MOV AL,80H
MOV DX,FF36H
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,01H
MOV DX,FF30H
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,F8H
MOV DX,FF32H
OUT DX,AL
INT 03H

ROLLING 7
A6000
MOV AL,80H
MOV DX,FF36H
OUT DX,AL
START:MOV BH,06
MOV BL,01
BACK:MOV AL,BL
MOV DX,FF30H
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,F8H
MOV DX,FF32H
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY(6050)
MOV CL,01
SHL BL,CL
DEC BH
JNZ BACK(600A)
JMP START:(6006)
INT 03H
7-DELAY
A6050
MOV CX,FFFF
LOOP 6053
RET



DISPLAY HELLO
M1200 PRESS ENTER
86
89
C7
C7
C0
START:MOV AL,80H
MOV DX,FF36H
OUT DX,AL
LEA SI,1200
LOOP:MOV CX,0005H
MOV AL,7F
MOV DX,FF30
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,[SI]
MOV DX,FF32
OUT DX,AL
INC SI
CALL DELAY
DEC CX
JNZ LOOP
JMP START
DELAY:MOV BX,FFFF
LOOP1:DEC BX
JNZ LOOP1
RET



ADDRESSING
IMMEDIATE:
START: MOV AX,0010H
INT 03H
DIRECT:
START:MOV AX,[0050]
INT 03H
BASE-INDEX:
START: MOV AL,[BP+SI]
MOV AX,[BX,DI]
INDIRECT:
START:MOV AX,[BX]
ADD AX,0003H
INDEXED:
START:MOV AX,[SI,2000]
REGISTER:
START:MOV BX,0005H
MOV AX,BX


TRAFFIC LIGHT PROGRAM FOR CONTINUOUS ROTATION
MOV AL,80
MOV DX,FF36
OUT DX,AL
1106:
MOV AH,04
MOV BX,2000
110B:
MOV AL,[BX]
MOV DX,FF30
OUT DX,AL
INC BX
MOV AL,[BX]
MOV DX,FF32
OUT DX,AL
CALL 1140
INC BX
DEC AH
JNZ 110B
JMP 1106
1140:
MOV DX,000F
MOV CX,FFFF
LOOP 1146
DEC DX
JNZ 1143
RET

M2000
21 09 0C 09 64 08 24 03




2's,1’s complement
assume cs:code,ds:data
data segment
n1 dw 0005h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov ax,n1
not ax
mov bx,ax
inc ax
int 03h
code ends
end start

factorial
assume cs:code,ds:data
data segment
num dw 0003h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov cx,num
mov ax,cx
dec cx
fact:mul cx
dec cx
jnz fact
int 03h
code ends
end start
Multibyte addition
Assume cs:code,ds:data
Data segment
Num1 db 01h,02h,03h,04h
Num2 db 05h,06h,07h,08h
Num3 db 04 dup(00)
Data ends
Code Segment
Start:
Mov ax,data
Mov ds,ax
Xor ax,ax
Mov bx,ax
Mov cl,al
Mov dl,00h
Mov cl,04h
Lea si,num1
Lea di,num2
Lea bx,num3
L1: mov al,[si]
Adc al,[di]
Mov cl,al
Mov dl,00h
Mov cl,04h
Lea si,num1
Lea di,num2
L1: mov al,[si]
Adc al,[di]
Mov [bx],al
Inc si
Inc di
Inc bx
Loop l1
Jnc l2
Adc dl,00
L2: mov [bx],dl
Int 03h
Code ends
End start

Multibyte subtraction
Assume ds:data,cs:code
Data segment
N1 db 55h,66h,77h,88h
N2 db 11h,22h,33h,44h
Result db 4h dup(00)
Data ends
Code segment
Start:mov ax,data
Mov ds,ax
Mov si,offset N1
Mov di,offset N2
Mov bx,offset result
Clc
Mov cx,0004h
Mov ax,0000h
Back:mov al,[si]
Mov dl,[di]
Sbb al,dl
Mov [bx],al
Inc si
Mov di
Inc bx
Loop back
Mov ah,4Ch
Int 21h
Int 03h
Code ends
End start

Hardware add
A1000
Mov ax,0005h
Mov bx,0005h
Add ax,bx
Int 03h
G1000
Hardware sub
A1000
Mov ax,0003h
Mov bx,0003h
Sub ax,bx
Int 03h
G1000
Hardware mul
A1000
Mov ax,0002h
Mov bx,0002h
Mul bx
Int 03h
G1000
Hardware div
A1000
Mov ax,0002h
Mov bx,0002h
Div bx
Int 03h
G1000
Hardware fact
A1000
Mov ax,0001
Mov cx,0003
1006:mul cx
Dec cx
Jnz 1006
G1000
Hardware sum
M 1200 02
M 1201 04
A1000
Mov ax,0000
Mov cl,02
Mov si,1200
1008:add al,[si]
Inc si
Dec cl
Jnz 1008
G1000


smallest
assume ds:data,cs:code
data segment
arr1 db 05h,04h,01h,02h,03h
count db 05h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov dl,count
L2:mov cx,dx
mov si,offset arr1
L1:mov al,[si]
cmp al,[si+1]
jc continue
xchg al,[si+1]
mov [si],al
continue:inc si
loop L1
dec dx
jnz L2
mov bx,offset arr1
mov al,[bx]
int 03h
code ends
end start

largest
assume cs:code,ds:data
data segment
arr db 02h,09h,03h,06h,08h,07h
count db 06h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov si,offset arr
mov cl,count
mov al,[si]
up:inc si
cmp al,[si]
jnb go
mov al,[si]
go:loop up
int 03h
code ends
end start

search
assume ds:data,cs:code
data segment
arr db 11h,21h,32h
msg db 'FOUND','$'
msg1 db 'NOT FOUND','$'
count db 03h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov es,ax
mov cl,count
mov si,offset arr
cld
mov al,32h
repne scasb
jz a2
mov ah,09h
lea dx,msg1
int 21h
jmp a3
a2:mov ah,09h
lea dx,msg
int 21h
a3:int 03h
code ends
end start

reverse
assume ds:data,cs:code
data segment
stg db 'SVCET','$'
stg1 db 05h dup(?),'$'
count db 05h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov es,ax
mov cl,count
mov si,offset stg
mov di,offset stg1
cld
add si,04h
a1:movsb
dec si
dec si
dec cl
jnz a1
mov ah,09h
lea dx,stg1
int 21h
int 03h
code ends
end start

ascending order
assume ds:data,cs:code
data segment
arr db 05h,04h,01h,02h,03h
count db 05h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov dl,count
L2:mov cx,dx
mov si,offset arr
L1:mov al,[si]
cmp al,[si+1]
jc continue
xchg al,[si+1]
mov [si],al
continue:inc si
loop L1
dec dx
jnz L2
int 03h
code ends
end start

descending order
assume data:ds,cs:code
arr1 db 05h,04h,01h,02h,03h
count db 05h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov dl,count
L2:mov cl,dl
mov si,offset arr1
L1:mov al,[si]
cmp al,[si+1]
jnc continue
xchg al,[si+1]
mov [si],al
continue:inc si
loop L1
dec dl
jnz L2
int 03h
code ends
end start

search char
assume cs:code,ds:data
data segment
str db 'VASAVI'
size1 db 06h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov es,ax
CLD
mov di,offset str
mov cx,size1
mov al,49
REPNE SCASB str
int 03h
code ends
end start

sum of array numbers
assume ds:data,cs:code
data segment
arr db 02h,03h,04h,05h,01h
count db 05h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov al,0h
mov cl,count
mov si,offset arr
again:mov bl,[si]
add ax,bx
inc si
dec cl
jnz again
int 03h
code ends
end start


signed multiplication
assume ds:data,cs:code
data segment
n1 dw -0002h
n2 dw 0004h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov ax,n1
mov bx,n2
imul bx
int 03h
code ends
end start

signed division
assume ds:data,cs:code
data segment
n1 dw -0004h
n2 dw 0002h
data ends
code segment
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
mov ax,n1
mov bx,n2
idiv bx
int 03h
code ends
end start

multibyte addition
assume cs:code,ds:data
data segment
arr1 dw 0005h,0001h,0004h,0001h
arr2 dw 0004h,0002h,0003h,0002h
arr3 dw 4 dup(0)
data ends
start:mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
lea si,arr1
lea di,arr2
lea bx,arr3
mov cx,04h
sum:mov ax,[si]
adc ax,[di]
mov [bx],ax
inc si
inc di
inc dx
jnz sum
int 03h
code ends
end start

lcd
A1000
mov AL,90
mov DX,FF36
OUT DX,AL
mov DX,FF30
IN AL,DX
MOV DX,FF32
OUT DX,AL
JMP 1106

seven segment
A1110
mov al,80h
mov dx,ff36
out dx,al
mov al,01h
mov dx,ff30
out dx,al
mov al,f8h
mov dx,ff32
out dx,al
int 03h

Hello
M1200 press enter
86
89
C7
C7
C0
Start:mov al,80h
Mov dx,ff36h
Out dx,al
Lea si,1200
Loop:mov cx,0005h
Mov al,7F
Mov dx,ff30
Out dx,al
Mov al,[si]
Mov dx,ff32
Out dx,al
Inc si
Call delay
Dec cx
Jnz loop
Jmp start
Delay:mov bx,ffff
Loop1:dec bx
Jnz loop1
Ret

Factorial Procedure
Data segment
Num2 dw 0003h
Data ends
Code segment
Start: mov ax,data
Mov ds,ax
Mov ax,0000h
Call myproc
Int 03h
Myproc proc near
Mov ax,00001h
Mov cx,num2
Fact: mul cx
Loop fact
Ret
Myroc endp
Code ends
End start

Macro factorial
Data segment
Num1 dw 0004h
Data ends
Code Segment
Start: mov ax,data
Mov ds,ax
Mov ax,0000h
factMacro macro p1
mov cx,p1
mov ax,0001h
fact: mul cx
loop fact
endm
factMacro num1
int 03h
code ends
End Start

8051 addressing mode
Register: mov a,b
Direct: mov 30h,a
Indirect: mov a,@r0
Indexed: MOVC a,@a+pc
8086 addressing modes
Assume cs:code
Code segment
Start:
Mov ax,0005h ; immediate
Mov bx,[2000] ; direct
Mov dx,[bx] ; indirect
Mov bx,ax ; register
Code Ends
End Start