# lecture 7, collections and loops, 7.11.2024
print("Welcome!")

# NEW FILE

# create a list of products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer", "Fridge"]

# use the raw format of the list printing
# only to quickly see what is inside
# in other words, only for debugging purposes
# this is not the format the end-user / client wants to see
# print(products)

# get a single element from the list
# first index is 0, second is 1 etc.
# always -1 of what you're seeking
text = products[2]
print(text)

# NEW FILE

# create a list of products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer", "Fridge"]

# ask the index from the user
choice = input("Which product do you wish to see?\n")
choice = int(choice)

# we can also place a integer variable
# as the index! notice how we don't have a single conditional
# statement in this code this is one of the reasons why professionals
# use collections all the time
text = products[choice]
print(text)

# NEW FILE

# create a list of products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer", "Fridge", "Toothbrush", "Microwave"]

# ask the index from the user
choice = input("Which product do you wish to see?\n")
choice = int(choice)

# get the amount of products into a variable
# if you have 4 products, this will be 4
amount = len(products)

# let's check if user gave a possible index
# in other words, 0 - 3 (if we have 4 products)
# another common way is to use try-except
if choice >= 0 and choice < amount:
    # get the product the user wants
    text = products[choice]
    print(text)
else:
    print("No product with given index.")

# NEW FILE

# create a list of products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer",
            "Fridge", "Toothbrush", "Microwave", "Bookshelf",
            "Oven", "Monitor", "Mouse", "Table"]


# loop through your products
for single_product in products:
    print(single_product)

# NEW FILE, VERSION 2

# create a list of products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer",
            "Fridge", "Toothbrush", "Microwave", "Bookshelf",
            "Oven", "Monitor", "Mouse", "Table"]

# let's build a text variable in the loop
text = ""

# loop through your products
# you can also do this with ,join() -function
for p in products:
    text = text + p + ", "

# show end result
print(text)


# NEW FILE
# create a list of products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer",
            "Fridge", "Toothbrush", "Microwave", "Bookshelf",
            "Oven", "Monitor", "Mouse", "Table"]

# always get the amount of products BEFOREHAND
# into a variable this is because, most of the
# programming languages will re-calculate the
# amount of products on each iteration
amount = len(products)

# if you have 11 products,
# this is the same for x in range(11) etc.
for index in range(amount):
    product_name = products[index]
    print(f"{index + 1} - {product_name}")


# NEW FILE

# create a list of products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer",
            "Fridge", "Toothbrush", "Microwave", "Bookshelf",
            "Oven", "Monitor", "Mouse", "Table"]

# always get the amount of products BEFOREHAND
# into a variable this is because, most of the
# programming languages will re-calculate the
# amount of products on each iteration
amount = len(products)

# if you have 11 products,
# this is the same for x in range(11) etc.
# don't use len() straight in the range()
# of the for-loop, (e.g. for index in range(len(products)):)
# because this way the loop calculates the amount of data
# after each cycle
# so if you have 100 products => 100 recalculations
for index in range(amount):
    product_name = products[index]
    print(f"{index + 1} - {product_name}")

# NEW FILE

# let's create a tuple for weekdays
# remember normal parentheses in tuples
weekdays = ("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
            "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday")

# note: you can't change values in a tuple
# e.g. weekdays[3] = "Someday" will not work
# if you need to change something, re-create the whole tuple
# or just use a list instead

# remember to reduce 1 from the user's input
# so it matches with the -1 logic of the collection index
choice = input("Which weekday would you like to know?\n")
choice = int(choice) - 1

# print out the user's weekday
print(weekdays[choice])

# NEW FILE

# create a list of products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer",
            "Fridge", "Toothbrush", "Microwave", "Bookshelf",
            "Oven", "Monitor", "Mouse", "Table"]

# let's change the value of 4th product
products[3] = "Pogo stick"

# let's quickly see what's inside now
# we can see now the 4th value
# is now Pogo stick instead of Fridge
print(products)

# NEW FILE

# create a list of products
products = ["Washing machine", "Coffee maker", "Freezer",
            "Fridge", "Toothbrush", "Microwave", "Bookshelf",
            "Oven", "Monitor", "Mouse", "Table"]

# ask the user WHICH product to replace
choice = input("Which product would you like to change?\n")
choice = int(choice)

# new value for the chosen product
new_product = input("What is the name of the replacement product?\n")

# replace the product chosen by user
# with the value given by user
# remember to use if/else or try/except
# if the user tries to modify a non-existing index
products[choice] = new_product

# let's quickly see what's inside now
print(products)

# NEW FILE

# create a dictionary
# containing all information regarding this
# on person in one "variable"
person = {
    "name": "Test Person",
    "age": 33,
    "city": "Rovaniemi"
}

# only print the whole dictionary
# for testing purposes, because otherwise
# you might print out sensitive information to the user
# passwords, session data etc.
# print(person)
# print()

# print the name of the person
print("Person's name:")
print(person['name'])

# print the name of the person
print("\nPerson's age:")
print(person['age'])

# NEW FILE

products = ["ORDER143_A7685_2024", "ORDER254346564642_A68575465464643643_2023"]

# don't use substring for splitting down a string like this, use split()
# since it doesn't matter what length each section has, it always works
for product in products:
    parts = product.split("_")

    order = parts[0]
    middle = parts[1]
    year = parts[2]

    print(order)
    print(middle)
    print(year)
    print()

# NEW FILE

# TRY THIS IN PYTHON TUTOR
# list of cities
cities = ["rovaniemi", "oulu", "helsinki", "stockholm", "madrid", "oslo"]

# make two empty lists to reserve future data
# one list for long city names, and one for short city names
long_cities = []
short_cities = []

# loop through cities, and SORT THEM into
# one of the lists above based on their length
for city in cities:
    if len(city) < 6:
        short_cities.append(city)
    else:
        long_cities.append(city)

# print the results for both lists
print(short_cities)
print(long_cities)

# NEW FILE

# combining lists
foods = ["banana", "apple", "cherry"]
drinks = ["water", "tea", "coffee"]

# combine into one list
everything = foods + drinks

# print and see content
print(everything)

# NEW FILE

# this is a very good example, why collections are super powerful

# list of grades
grades = [2, 5, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3]

# average = total / amount of data
total = sum(grades)
amount = len(grades)

# calculate the average
average = total / amount
average = round(average, 1)
print(f"Average grade: {average}")

# NEW FILE

# list of cities
cities = ["Rovaniemi", "Helsinki", "Athens", "mikkeli", "Stockholm", "Madrid"]

print("Original order:")
print(cities)

# sort the list
# cities.sort()

# sorted() might be more usable, since it doesn't
# change the original list
# sorted_cities = sorted(cities)

# lambda here will transfrom each city name
# into all CAPITALS, so when comparing
# they are correctly place into alphabetical order
# v here is the temporary variable created by lambda
cities.sort(key=lambda v: v.upper())

print("\nSorted order:")
print(cities)