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Mathematics is often considered a separate field from science, although it is closely related and fundamental to many scientific disciplines. Science typically involves the empirical study of the natural world, using observation, experimentation, and analysis to understand phenomena and develop theories. Mathematics, on the other hand, deals with abstract concepts such as numbers, quantity, structure, space, and change, using logical reasoning and rigorous deduction.

While mathematics is essential for describing and quantifying scientific concepts and phenomena, it is not itself a science in the same sense as biology, chemistry, or physics. Instead, mathematics provides the language and tools that scientists use to formulate hypotheses, develop models, and analyze data in their respective fields.