PythonInputOutput

# Get time in milli secs
import time
cur_time_milli_sec = int(time.time() * 1000)

# Read file
with open("1.txt") as f:
  for line in f.xreadlines():
    print line.rstrip('\r\n')

# Write file ('a' for append, 'w' for write)
with open("2.txt", 'a') as f:
  f.write("123\n")

# Read from stdin (the input stream has to end with EOF)
import sys
for line in sys.stdin.xreadlines():
  print line.rstrip('\r\n')

# Read from stdin (prompt the user for input)
name = raw_input("type your name: ")
print name, len(name)

# bash redirect file to stdin: python 1.py 0<1.txt
# bash redirect stdout to file: python 1.py 0<1.txt 1>3.txt

# random numbers
from random import seed
from random import random
from random import randint

seed(1)

# random float number between 0-1
rand_float = random()
print rand_float

# random int number between [0, 1] (inclusive)
rand_int = randint(0, 1)
print rand_int

# iterator (note that xrange is not a iterator)
a = iter(range(5))
print next(a, None) # get the next with a default value so we can check if there is not more values
print next(a, None)

# Find the first index in an array where array[index] >= target
a = [1,2,3,3,3,4,5,6,6,6]

def findIndex(array, target):
    if not array:
        return 0

    if array[0] >= target:
        return 0

    if array[-1] < target:
        return len(array)

    left = 0
    right = len(array) - 1
    while left < right:
        mid = (left + right) / 2
        if array[mid] >= target:
            if (mid - 1) >= 0 and array[mid-1] < target:
                return mid
            right = mid - 1
        elif array[mid] < target:
            left = mid + 1
    return left

for i in range(8):
    print "find " + str(i) + " = " + str(findIndex(a, i))