PCAP

print('Hello, world!') # Hello, world!
print("hello".upper()) # HELLO
print("""hello""".upper()) # HELLO
print("""hello
      """.upper())
# HELLO
#
print(""" Hello
        world ...""".lower())
# hello
#         world ...
print(("this is a very"
      " long string too"
      "for sure ..."
     )) # this is a very long string toofor sure ...
print(str(1/1)) # 1.0
print(type(str(1/1))) # <class 'str'>
print(type(1/1)) # <class 'float'>
print('T'.lower() in 'beTa') # False
print('T'.lower() in 'bEta') # False
print(ord('b')) # 98
print(ord('a')) # 97
print(chr(97)) # a
print(ord('b') + 2) # 100
print(chr(ord('b') + 2)) # d
print(chr(ord('b') + 2) in 'dogs') # True
print('F' in 'False') # True
# print('F' in False) # TypeError: argument of type 'bool' is not iterable

import math
print(math) # <module 'math' (built-in)>
print(type(math)) # <class 'module'>
print(dir(math))
"""
['__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'comb', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'dist', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'gcd', 'hypot', 'inf', 'isclose', 'isfinite', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'isqrt', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'log2', 'modf', 'nan', 'perm', 'pi', 'pow', 'prod', 'radians', 'remainder', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tau', 'trunc']
"""
import math
print(math) # <module 'math' (built-in)>
print(type(math)) # <class 'module'>
pi = 3.141592653589793
# print(math.round(pi)) # AttributeError: module 'math' has no attribute 'round'
print(math.ceil(pi)) # 4
print(round(pi, 0)) # 3.0
print(round(pi)) # 3
print(math.trunc(pi)) # 3
print(math.floor(pi)) # 3
print(round(5.76543, -1)) # 10.0
print(round(5.76543, -10)) # 0.0
print(round(576543, -1)) # 576540
print(round(576543, -10)) # 0
print(round(576543, -5)) # 600000

from math import sqrt
# print(math) # NameError: name 'math' is not defined
print(sqrt) # <built-in function sqrt>
# print(sqrt()) # TypeError: sqrt() takes exactly one argument (0 given)
print(sqrt(25)) # 5.0
# print(dir(math)) # NameError: name 'math' is not defined

import platform
# print(system) # NameError: name 'system' is not defined
print(platform.system) # <function system at 0x7f65bf600280>
print(platform.system()) # Linux
print(platform.processor) # <function processor at 0x7f65bf600550>
print(platform.processor()) #
print(platform.machine) # <function machine at 0x7f65bf6004c0>
print(platform.machine()) # x86_64
print(platform.platform()) # Linux-5.13.0-1023-gcp-x86_64-with-glibc2.27
print(platform.version()) # #28~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Mar 30 03:51:07 UTC 2022

from platform import system
print(system()) # Linux

"""
$ pip show pandas
Name: pandas
Version: 1.2.3
Summary: Powerful data structures for data analysis, time series, and statistics
Home-page: https://pandas.pydata.org
Author: None
Author-email: None
License: BSD
Location: /path/to/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: pytz, python-dateutil, numpy
Required-by: shap, seaborn


python -m pip list
Package Version
------- -------
docopt  0.6.2
idlex   1.13
jedi    0.9.0


python3 -m pip search peppercorn
(Search for PyPI packages whose name or summary contains <query>.)
pepperedform    - Helpers for using peppercorn with formprocess.
peppercorn      - A library for converting a token stream into [...]

"""

try:
  print(int('0'))
except NameError:
  print('0')
else:
  print(int('')) # ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''

try:
  print(int('0')) # 0
except NameError:
  print('30')

try:
  print(0/0)
except :
  print(0/1) # 0.0
else:
  print(2/0)

import math
try:
  print(math.sqrt(-1))
except :
  print(math.sqrt(1)) # 1.0
else:
  print(math.sqrt(25))

try:
  print(float("1e1"))
except (NameError, SystemError):
  print(float("1.1"))
else:
  print(float('1c1')) # ValueError: could not convert string to float: '1c1'

print(float("1e1")) # 10.0
print(float("1.1")) # 1.1

try:
  print(1//0)
except ArithmeticError:
  print("Zero Handled by arithmetic branch")
except ZeroDivisionError:
  print("Error handled by zero division branch")
except:
  print("Error handled by except branch")

print(1//0) # ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

print(issubclass(KeyError, Exception)) # True

print(issubclass(KeyError, Exception)) # true
print(issubclass(LookupError, Exception)) # true
print(issubclass(SystemExit, Exception)) # False
print(issubclass(KeyboardInterrupt, Exception)) # False
print(issubclass(SystemExit, BaseException)) # True
print(issubclass(KeyboardInterrupt, BaseException)) # True

----
def foo(x):
  assert x
  return 1/x

try:
  print(foo(0))
except ZeroDivisionError:
  print("zero")
except AssertionError as e:
  print(e) #
except:
  print(some)

----
def ooh(x):
  assert x, 'message goes here'
  return 1/x

try:
  print(ooh([]))
except ZeroDivisionError:
  print("zero")
except AssertionError as e:
  print(e) # message goes here
except:
  print(some)

----
x = 1E2500 ** 1
print(x) # inf

x = 1E250 * 2
print(x) # 2e+250

x = 1E308 # 1e+308
print(x) # inf

x = 1E309
print(x) # inf

x = 1E250 ** 2
print(x) # OverflowError: (34, 'Numerical result out of range')

# Unicode Transformation Format (UTF)

string = """\\
\\"""
print(len(string)) # 3
print(string)
"""
\
\
"""

string2 = '''\\

        \\'''
print(len(string2)) # 12
print(string2)
"""
\

        \
"""

alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
alphabet.insert(0, "A") # AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'insert'
del alphabet[0] # TypeError: 'str' object doesn't support item deletion
print(alphabet[-30:30:1]) # abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
print(alphabet[-30:30:-1]) #
print(alphabet.lstrip()) # abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

x = "True"
y = 3
print(x == y) # False
print(x != y) # True
print(x < y) # TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'
print(x > y) # TypeError: '>' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'

for ch in 'aBc123':
  if ch.isupper():
    print(ch.lower(), end='\n' )
  elif ch.islower():
    print(ch.upper(), end='')
  else:
    print(ch, end='')

"""
Ab
C123
"""

s1 = "dog cat rat"
s2 = s1.split()
print(s2[-4:1]) # ['dog']
print(s2) # ['dog', 'cat', 'rat']
print(s1.split('a')) # ['dog c', 't r', 't']
print(s2[-3:1]) # ['dog']
print(s2[-3:0]) # []

# Slicing Start

a[start:stop]  # items start through stop-1
a[start:]      # items start through the rest of the array
a[:stop]       # items from the beginning through stop-1
a[:]           # a copy of the whole array

a[start:stop:step] # start through not past stop, by step

a[-1]    # last item in the array
a[-2:]   # last two items in the array
a[:-2]   # everything except the last two items

a[::-1]    # all items in the array, reversed
a[1::-1]   # the first two items, reversed
a[:-3:-1]  # the last two items, reversed
a[-3::-1]  # everything except the last two items, reversed

a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]

print(a[0:3]) # [1, 2, 3]
print(a[4:]) # [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
print(a[:5]) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(a[:]) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]

print(a[2:6:2]) # [3, 5]

print(a[-1]) # 0
print(a[-2:]) # [9, 0]
print(a[:-2]) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

print(a[::-1]) # [0, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
print(a[1::-1]) # [2, 1]
print(a[:-3:-1]) # [0, 9]
print(a[-3::-1]) # [8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

# Slicing End

my_list = ['Hello', 'World', '!']
s = '\\'.join(my_list)
print(s)

my_list = ['Hello', 'World', '!']
s = '\\'.join(my_list)
print(s) # Hello\World\!

my_Tuple = ("John", "Peter", "Vicky")
x = "#".join(my_Tuple)
print(x) # John#Peter#Vicky

myDict = {"name": "John", "country": "Norway"}
mySeparator = "TEST"
y = mySeparator.join(myDict)
print(y) # nameTESTcountry