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Yes, a Network Interface Card (NIC) is necessary for a home-built Network Attached Storage (NAS) system because it's how your NAS connects to your home network. Here's a bit more detail:

Types of NICs for NAS:
1. Built-in NIC:
   - Many modern motherboards come with built-in Ethernet ports, which can be sufficient for a basic NAS setup, especially if you have a Gigabit Ethernet connection.

2. Dedicated NIC:
   - For enhanced performance, reliability, or higher speeds (like 10 Gigabit Ethernet), a dedicated NIC can be installed. This is especially useful for handling large data transfers and ensuring smooth operation.

Factors to Consider:
- Speed: Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps) is common and usually adequate, but if you need faster speeds, look for 10 Gbps NICs.
- Ports: Having multiple Ethernet ports can provide redundancy and increase throughput.
- Compatibility: Ensure the NIC is compatible with your motherboard and the operating system you'll be using for your NAS.

Why It Matters:
- Network Performance: A good NIC ensures efficient and reliable data transfer within your network.
- Scalability: If you plan to expand your NAS or network in the future, having a high-performance NIC can be beneficial.

So, while you can start with a built-in NIC for a basic setup, investing in a dedicated NIC can greatly enhance your NAS's performance and reliability.