B. 密碼強度評估 (passcheck)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

bool isextra(char c) {return !isalnum(c);}

int main() {
    // ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0);

    int N; cin >> N, cin.ignore();

    int cnt_0 = 0;
    vector<pair<int, string>> pwd(N, {0, ""});
    for (auto &[score, pass] : pwd) {
        getline(cin, pass);

        // cerr << "\"" << pass << "\"" << "\n";

        /// rule 1: |pass| >= 4 and no space ///
        if ((int)pass.size() < 4 or pass.find(' ') != string::npos) {++cnt_0; continue;}

        /// rule 2: score += 2 * max(|pass| - 8, 0) + 10 ///
        score += 2 * max((int)pass.size() - 8, 0) + 10;

        // cerr << "r2: " << score << "\n";

        int cnt_upper = 0, cnt_lower = 0, cnt_digit = 0, cnt_extra = 0;
        for (char c : pass) cnt_upper += isupper(c), cnt_lower += islower(c), cnt_digit += isdigit(c), cnt_extra += isextra(c);

        /// rule 3: score -= 6 if cnt_extra < 3 ///
        if (cnt_extra < 3) score -= 6;

        /// rule 4: type = {upper, lower, digit}, score += 2 with each type found ///
        score += 2 * (!!cnt_upper + !!cnt_lower + !!cnt_digit);

        /// rule 5: score += 10 * floor(cnt_extra / 5) ///
        score += 10 * (cnt_extra / 5);

        // cerr << "r5: " << score << "\n";

        /// rule 6: each alternate {alpha, digit, extra} let score += 2 ///
        char flag_rule_6 = pass[0];
        for (char &c : pass) {
            if (
                    (isalpha(c) and !isalpha(flag_rule_6))
                or  (isdigit(c) and !isdigit(flag_rule_6))
                or  (isextra(c) and !isextra(flag_rule_6))
            ) score += 2;
            flag_rule_6 = c;
        }

        // cerr << "r6: " << score << "\n";

    }
    sort(pwd.rbegin(), pwd.rend());

    cout << cnt_0 << "\n";
    for (int i = 0; i < N-cnt_0; ++i) {
        cout << pwd[i].first << " " << pwd[i].second << "\n";
    }

    return 0;
}