public class StateFactory
{
   GameElementData _data;
   public StateFactory(GameElementData data) => _data = data;

   public State CreateStateA() => new StateA(_data);
   public State CreateStateB() => new StateB(_data);
   public State CreateStateC() => new StateC(_data);
   public State CreateStateD() => new StateD(_data);

}

public abstract class State
{
   void Enter();
   void Update();
}


class UsageExample : MonoBehaviour
{
   StateFactory _states;

   State _current;

   public void Awake()
  {
      _states = new StateFactory(new GameElemntDAta());

    _Current = _states.CreateStateA(); // etc
}


}

// now imagine adding an extra bit of data to all states, it has one place to do it, in the factory.
// If you want to avoid a constructor on each state you can also do this via properties, either way setting it once on the factory propogates it to all created states