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The petrochemical industry is dominated by several large multinational companies that are involved in the production of chemicals derived from petroleum and natural gas. Here are some of the biggest petrochemical companies in the world:

1. BASF SE
- Country: Germany
- Overview: BASF is one of the world's largest chemical producers. It operates in a wide range of sectors, including chemicals, plastics, performance products, agricultural products, and oil and gas.

2. Dow Inc.
- Country: United States
- Overview: Dow is a major player in the global petrochemical market. It produces a wide range of chemicals, including plastics, agricultural chemicals, and performance materials.

3. SABIC (Saudi Basic Industries Corporation)
- Country: Saudi Arabia
- Overview: SABIC is one of the largest petrochemical manufacturers in the world. It produces chemicals, industrial polymers, fertilizers, and metals. SABIC is a significant player in the global markets for ethylene, polyethylene, and other petrochemicals.

4. ExxonMobil Chemical
- Country: United States
- Overview: ExxonMobil Chemical is the petrochemical division of ExxonMobil. It produces a broad range of products, including olefins, aromatics, polyethylene, and polypropylene.

5. LyondellBasell Industries
- Country: United States/Netherlands
- Overview: LyondellBasell is a multinational chemical company specializing in plastics, chemicals, and refining. It is one of the largest producers of polyethylene and polypropylene.

6. Sinopec (China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation)
- Country: China
- Overview: Sinopec is a major state-owned enterprise in China and one of the largest integrated energy and chemical companies in the world. It produces a wide range of petrochemical products, including ethylene, propylene, and various plastics.

7. Royal Dutch Shell
- Country: Netherlands/United Kingdom
- Overview: Shell's petrochemical division is involved in the production of a wide range of chemicals and polymers, including ethylene, propylene, and polyethylene.

8. TotalEnergies SE
- Country: France
- Overview: TotalEnergies, formerly known as Total, is a major energy company with significant operations in the petrochemical industry. It produces a variety of chemicals, including polymers and monomers.

9. INEOS
- Country: United Kingdom
- Overview: INEOS is a global manufacturer of petrochemicals, specialty chemicals, and oil products. It is one of the largest producers of ethylene, propylene, and other basic chemicals.

10. Reliance Industries Limited
- Country: India
- Overview: Reliance Industries is one of India's largest companies and a significant player in the global petrochemical market. It produces a wide range of chemicals, including polymers, elastomers, and aromatics.

These companies play a critical role in the global economy by supplying essential chemicals and materials used in a vast array of industries, from manufacturing and agriculture to healthcare and consumer goods. Their operations are integral to the production of many everyday products and industrial applications.