# math- random- and datetime modules today!
print("Welcome!")

# NEW FILE

# adding new lines within text
print("Some text here!\nAnother line!\n\n")

# empty print() also adds a single \n by default
# sometimes \n is not enough, and you also need to add \r (carriage return)
print()

# tabs can be used to align pieces of text horizontally
# remember to have enough \t to match long words
print("Total:\t\t350 €")
print("Tax:\t\t120 €")
print("Postage: \t 20 €")

# NEW FILE

# recap on how to get data from users (input)
# and how to combine them into a calculation

# THIS IS THE TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF MOST OF THE EXERCISES

# PHASE 1: get user input values

# ask the salary from user and convert
# the value from text to decimal (float)
salary = input("Write your salary:\n")
salary = float(salary)

# ask also the savings
savings = input("How much savings do you have?\n")
savings = float(savings)

# helper variable for increase percentage, +15%
increase = 1.15

# it's okay also to combine input + float (or int) on the same line
# savings = float(input("How much savings do you have?\n"))

# PHASE 2 - the actual calculation logic of the code
# this part usually starts to grow longer and more complex
# as we go further in the course
total = (salary + savings) * increase

# PHASE 3 - print out the results for the user
# use f-string to combine text and the number (total)
print(f"Total money: {total} €")

# NEW FILE

import math

# make sure you don't have a file called
# math.py in your project anywhere (confuses the import
# otherwise

# try to print the pi-value from math
# don't write your own pi values with less decimals like pi = 3.14
# always use math.pi in your code
print(math.pi)

# let's try some math
radius = 13

# circumference of a circle, 2 * pi * radius
border = 2 * math.pi * radius
border = round(border, 2)

# only using round(border, 2) doesn't work
# because you need to save the result into a variable

# print the result
print(f"Circumference: {border} cm")

# NEW FILE

import math

# 3 to the power of 5
number1 = math.pow(3, 5)
print(number1)

# Python also support power itself
number2 = 3 ** 5
print(number2)

# don't do manual powering, like this:
# side = 10
# total = side * side * side

# square root
number3 = 25
root_value = math.sqrt(number3)
print(root_value)

# for example, diagonal of a cube => d = sqrt 3 * side
side = 14
diagonal = math.sqrt(3) * side
print(diagonal)

# NEW FILE

import random

# do not create random.py anywhere in the project
# just like math -module, it will confuse the import

# generate a number between 1 and 10
guess = random.randint(1, 10)
print(guess)

# let's generate two random dice, basic dice 1-6
# a tip: you can duplicate a code file by selecting it
# and pressing Ctrl + D on Windows, and CMD + D on MacOS
dice1 = random.randint(1, 6)
dice2 = random.randint(1, 6)

print(dice1)
print(dice2)

# NEW FILE

from datetime import date

# get the current date
today = date.today()
print(f"Today is: {today}")

# NEW FILE

from datetime import datetime
# if we used the normal import, like:
# import datetime
# we would have to use it like this:
# today = datetime.datetime.now()

# get current time and date
today = datetime.now()
print(today)

# if we want to format the timestamp into a prettier format for the user
# we an use the strftime() -function
# the format we want: day.month.year hours:minutes:seconds
# %d = day, %m = month, %Y = year, %H = hour, %M = minute, %S = second
# if you want to remove the extra zeroes in days and months:
# in Windows: %#d and %#m
# in Unix / Linux / MacOS %-d and %-m
date_text = today.strftime("%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S")
print(date_text)

# NEW FILE

from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta

# two timestamps
first = date(2024, 9, 10)
second = date(2024, 12, 31)

# calculate the difference
delta = second - first
days = delta.days

# print the result
print(f"Days left this year: {days}")

# example, if we create a bill for a customer today
# what is the due date in 2 weeks (14 days)
today = datetime.now()
today = today + timedelta(14)

date_text = today.strftime("%d.%m.%Y")
print(date_text)

# NEW FILE, tips for the first advanced task

# replace this with input() etc.
cents = 87

# the task is to find and divide the amount of
# 50 cents, 20 cents, 10 cents, 5 cents, 2 cents and 1 cents

# with the CURRENT cents, find out how many full 50 cent coins we can have
coins50 = cents // 50

# update cents, what is left over from previous calculation
cents = cents % 50

# now with the 20 cents
coins20 = cents // 20

# update the current cents
cents = cents % 20

print(f"50 cent coins: {coins50}")
print(f"20 cent coins: {coins20}")
print(f"Cents left at the moment: {cents}")

# and so on continue alternating between the division
# and the remainder until we reach 1 cent

# NEW FILE - an example where we combine different modules

# Compound interest, math experiment
# https://www.freshbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Calculating-Compound-Interest.png

# compound interest, or (interest of interest) is a concept of return of investement
# where interest starts to accumulate interest on itself as well

from datetime import date
import math

# variables for the compound interest calculation
start_money = 25000
interest_rate = 7

# calculate the amount of days and years in this timespan
start_date = date.today()
end_date = date(2033, 12, 31)

# for how many years are we going to save money?
delta = end_date - start_date
days = delta.days
years = days // 365

# compound interest
# final amount of money = start money * (1 + interest_rate / 100) ^ years
total_money = start_money * math.pow(1 + interest_rate / 100, years)
new_money = total_money - start_money
new_money = round(new_money, 2)
print(f"With given parameters, we earned this much money {new_money} €")

# NEW FILE - another example of combining modules

# original half-life formula from here:
# https://mathsisfun.com/algebra/exponential-growth.html

import math
from datetime import datetime

# when we drank the last coffee
start_time = datetime(2024, 9, 10, 9, 0, 0)
end_time = datetime(2024, 9, 10, 20, 0, 0)

# how many hours ago?
duration = end_time - start_time
seconds = duration.total_seconds()
minutes = seconds / 60
hours = minutes // 60
hours = int(hours)

# let's assume half-life of coffee is 5 hours
half_life = 5

# let's assume our coffee cup is 300ml
cup = 300

# do the calculations
# half-life = cup * exp ^ (ln(0.5)/half_life)*hours
logarithm = math.log(0.5) / half_life
coffee_left = cup * math.exp(logarithm * hours)
coffee_left = int(coffee_left)

# print out the results
print(f"From the original {cup} ml of coffee I drank {hours} hours ago.")
print(f"{coffee_left} ml of coffee is still left in my body.")