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Jul 28th, 2011
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  1. Netmask Netmask (binary) CIDR Notes
  2. _____________________________________________________________________________
  3. 255.255.255.255 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 /32 Host (single addr)
  4. 255.255.255.254 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110 /31 Unuseable
  5. 255.255.255.252 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 /30 2 useable
  6. 255.255.255.248 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000 /29 6 useable
  7. 255.255.255.240 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 /28 14 useable
  8. 255.255.255.224 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 /27 30 useable
  9. 255.255.255.192 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 /26 62 useable
  10. 255.255.255.128 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 /25 126 useable
  11. 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 /24 "Class C" 254 useable
  12.  
  13. 255.255.254.0 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000 /23 2 Class C's
  14. 255.255.252.0 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000 /22 4 Class C's
  15. 255.255.248.0 11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000 /21 8 Class C's
  16. 255.255.240.0 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000 /20 16 Class C's
  17. 255.255.224.0 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000 /19 32 Class C's
  18. 255.255.192.0 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 /18 64 Class C's
  19. 255.255.128.0 11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000 /17 128 Class C's
  20. 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 /16 "Class B"
  21.  
  22. 255.254.0.0 11111111.11111110.00000000.00000000 /15 2 Class B's
  23. 255.252.0.0 11111111.11111100.00000000.00000000 /14 4 Class B's
  24. 255.248.0.0 11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000 /13 8 Class B's
  25. 255.240.0.0 11111111.11110000.00000000.00000000 /12 16 Class B's
  26. 255.224.0.0 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000 /11 32 Class B's
  27. 255.192.0.0 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000 /10 64 Class B's
  28. 255.128.0.0 11111111.10000000.00000000.00000000 /9 128 Class B's
  29. 255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 /8 "Class A"
  30.  
  31. 254.0.0.0 11111110.00000000.00000000.00000000 /7
  32. 252.0.0.0 11111100.00000000.00000000.00000000 /6
  33. 248.0.0.0 11111000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /5
  34. 240.0.0.0 11110000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /4
  35. 224.0.0.0 11100000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /3
  36. 192.0.0.0 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /2
  37. 128.0.0.0 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /1
  38. 0.0.0.0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /0 IP space
  39.  
  40. Net Host Total
  41. Net Addr Addr Addr Number
  42. Class Range NetMask Bits Bits of hosts
  43. ----------------------------------------------------------
  44. A 0-127 255.0.0.0 8 24 16777216 (i.e. 114.0.0.0)
  45. B 128-191 255.255.0.0 16 16 65536 (i.e. 150.0.0.0)
  46. C 192-254 255.255.255.0 24 8 256 (i.e. 199.0.0.0)
  47. D 224-239 (multicast)
  48. E 240-255 (reserved)
  49. F 208-215 255.255.255.240 28 4 16
  50. G 216/8 ARIN - North America
  51. G 217/8 RIPE NCC - Europe
  52. G 218-219/8 APNIC
  53. H 220-221 255.255.255.248 29 3 8 (reserved)
  54. K 222-223 255.255.255.254 31 1 2 (reserved)
  55. (ref: RFC1375 & http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space )
  56. ( http://www.iana.org/numbers.htm )
  57. ----------------------------------------------------------
  58.  
  59. The current list of special use prefixes:
  60. 0.0.0.0/8
  61. 127.0.0.0/8
  62. 192.0.2.0/24
  63. 10.0.0.0/8
  64. 172.16.0.0/12
  65. 192.168.0.0/16
  66. 169.254.0.0/16
  67. all D/E space
  68. (ref: RFC1918 http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1918.txt )
  69. ( or ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1918.txt )
  70. (rfc search: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfcsearch.html )
  71. ( http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt )
  72. ( http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html )
  73.  
  74.  
  75. Martians: (updates at: www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space )
  76. no ip source-route
  77. access-list 100 deny ip host 0.0.0.0 any
  78. deny ip 0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any log ! antispoof
  79. deny ip 0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 ! antispoof
  80. deny ip any 255.255.255.128 0.0.0.127 ! antispoof
  81. deny ip host 0.0.0.0 any log ! antispoof
  82. deny ip host [router intf] [router intf] ! antispoof
  83. deny ip xxx.xxx.xxx.0 0.0.0.255 any log ! lan area
  84. deny ip 0/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  85. deny ip 1/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  86. deny ip 2/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  87. deny ip 5/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  88. deny ip 7/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  89. deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Private Use
  90. deny ip 23/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  91. deny ip 27/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  92. deny ip 31/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  93. deny ip 36-37/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  94. deny ip 39/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  95. deny ip 41-42/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  96. deny ip 50/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  97. deny ip 58-60/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  98. deny ip 69-79/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  99. deny ip 82-95/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  100. deny ip 96-126/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  101. deny ip 127/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  102. deny ip 169.254.0.0 0.0.255.255 any log ! link-local network
  103. deny ip 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 any log ! reserved
  104. deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any log ! reserved
  105. deny ip 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 any log ! test network
  106. deny ip 197/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  107. deny ip 220/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  108. deny ip 222-223/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  109. deny ip 224.0.0.0 31.255.255.255 any log ! multicast
  110. deny ip 224.0.0.0 15.255.255.255 any log ! unless MBGP-learned routes
  111. deny ip 224-239/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Multicast
  112. deny ip 240-255/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved
  113.  
  114. filtered source addresses
  115. 0/8 ! broadcast
  116. 10/8 ! RFC 1918 private
  117. 127/8 ! loopback
  118. 169.254.0/16 ! link local
  119. 172.16.0.0/12 ! RFC 1918 private
  120. 192.0.2.0/24 ! TEST-NET
  121. 192.168.0/16 ! RFC 1918 private
  122. 224.0.0.0/4 ! class D multicast
  123. 240.0.0.0/5 ! class E reserved
  124. 248.0.0.0/5 ! reserved
  125. 255.255.255.255/32 ! broadcast
  126.  
  127. ARIN administrated blocks: (http://www.arin.net/regserv/IPStats.html)
  128. 24.0.0.0/8 (portions of)
  129. 63.0.0.0/8
  130. 64.0.0.0/8
  131. 65.0.0.0/8
  132. 66.0.0.0/8
  133. 196.0.0.0/8
  134. 198.0.0.0/8
  135. 199.0.0.0/8
  136. 200.0.0.0/8
  137. 204.0.0.0/8
  138. 205.0.0.0/8
  139. 206.0.0.0/8
  140. 207.0.0.0/8
  141. 208.0.0.0/8
  142. 209.0.0.0/8
  143. 216.0.0.0/8
  144. ----------------------------------------------------------
  145.  
  146. well known ports: (rfc1700.txt)
  147. www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
  148.  
  149. protocol numbers:
  150. www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers
  151. www.iana.org/numbers.htm
  152.  
  153. ICMP(Types/Codes)
  154. Testing Destination Reachability & Status
  155. (0/0) Echo-Reply
  156. (8/0) Echo
  157. Unreachable Destinations
  158. (3/0) Network Unreachable
  159. (3/1) Host Unreachable
  160. (3/2) Protocol Unreachable
  161. (3/3) Port Unreachable
  162. (3/4) Fragmentaion Needed and DF set (Pkt too big)
  163. (3/5) Source Route Failed
  164. (3/6) Network Unknown
  165. (3/7) Host Unknown
  166. (3/9) DOD Net Prohibited
  167. (3/10) DOD Host Prohibited
  168. (3/11) Net TOS Unreachable
  169. (3/12) Host TOS Unreachable
  170. (3/13) Administratively Prohibited
  171. (3/14) Host Precedence Unreachable
  172. (3/15) Precedence Unreachable
  173. Flow Control
  174. (4/0) Source-Quench [RFC 1016]
  175. Route Change Requests from Gateways
  176. (5/0) Redirect Datagrams for the Net
  177. (5/1) Redirect Datagrams for the Host
  178. (5/2) Redirect Datagrams for the TOS and Net
  179. (5/3) Redirect Datagrams for the TOS and Host
  180. Router
  181. (6/-) Alternate-Address
  182. (9/0) Router-Advertisement
  183. (10/0) Router-Solicitation
  184. Detecting Circular or Excessively Long Routes
  185. (11/0) Time to Live Count Exceeded
  186. (11/1) Fragment Reassembly Time Exceeded
  187. Reporting Incorrect Datagram Headers
  188. (12/0) Parameter-Problem
  189. (12/1) Option Missing
  190. (12/2) No Room for Option
  191. Clock Synchronization and Transit Time Estimation
  192. (13/0) Timestamp-Request
  193. (14/0) Timestamp-Reply
  194. Obtaining a Network Address (RARP Alternative)
  195. (15/0) Information-Request
  196. (16/0) Information-Reply
  197. Obtaining a Subnet Mask [RFC 950]
  198. (17/0) Address Mask-Request
  199. (18/0) Address Mask-Reply
  200. Other
  201. (30/0) Traceroute
  202. (31/0) Conversion-Error
  203. (32/0) Mobile-Redirect
  204.  
  205. Ref: [RFC 792] [RFC 896] [RFC 950] [RFC 1016]
  206. www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat6000/sw_5_3/cofigide/qos.htm#19774
  207.  
  208.  
  209.  
  210. Decimal system Prefix's
  211. Factor Exponent Prefix
  212. ---------------------------------------------------
  213. 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000...10^24....yotta
  214. 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000...10^21....zetta
  215. 1 000 000 000 000 000 000...10^18....exa
  216. 1 000 000 000 000 000...10^15....peta
  217. 1 000 000 000 000...10^12....tera
  218. 1 000 000 000...10^9.....giga
  219. 1 000 000...10^6.....mega
  220. 1 000...10^3.....kilo
  221. 100...10^2.....hecto
  222. 10...10^1.....deka
  223. 0.1...10^-1....deci
  224. 0.01...10^-2....centi
  225. 0.001...10^-3....milli
  226. 0.000 001...10^-6....micro
  227. 0.000 000 001...10^-9....nano
  228. 0.000 000 000 001...10^-12...pico
  229. 0.000 000 000 000 001...10^-15...femto
  230. 0.000 000 000 000 000 001...10^-18...atto
  231. 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001...10^-21...zepto
  232. 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001...10^-24...yocto
  233. ---------------------------------------------------
  234.  
  235. Convert Fahrenheit <> Celsius:
  236. Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32) / 1.8
  237. Fahrenheit = (Celsius * 1.8) + 32
  238.  
  239.  
  240. Source: http://www.oav.net/mirrors/cidr.html
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