# lecture 11, Introduction to Programming, basics of file management
print("Welcome!")

# CREATE A NEW TEXTFILE, weekdays.txt, contents:
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday

# NEW FILE

# open our text file
file_handle = open("weekdays.txt", "r")

# load the content into a variable
content = file_handle.read()

# print the content
print(content)

# NEW FILE -> while-loop usually not the most practical
# due to having to fix the extra new lines from the file

# open our text file
file_handle = open("weekdays.txt", "r")

counter = 1

# infinite loop that keeps reading
# the file line by line until we
# arrive at the final row => we have the break out
# of the loop
while True:
    # read one line at a time
    line = file_handle.readline()
    print(f"{counter}. {line}")

    # increase counter by one, shorthand
    counter += 1

    if not line:
        break


# NEW FILE

# open our text file
file_handle = open("weekdays.txt", "r")

# load the content into a variable
content = file_handle.read()

# split the raw content of the file
# into a list of rows (lines)
lines = content.split("\n")

# get the amount of lines in this file
amount = len(lines)

# based on the amount of lines
# loop through the list of lines
for index in range(amount):
    # get the line and print a numbered list
    line = lines[index]
    print(f"{index + 1}. {line}")

# NEW FILE

# open the file for writing purposes
# creates the file if it's missing (mynotes.txt)
# we'll use UTF-8 as character encoding
# in order to avoid garbled mess with Finnish Ä or Ö etc.
file_handle = open("mynotes.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8")

# get the new text from user
text = input("Write your message:\n")

file_handle.write(text)

print("Thank you for using our service.")

# NEW FILE, append-version

# open the file for writing purposes
# creates the file if it's missing
# we'll use UTF-8 as character encoding
# in order to avoid garbled mess with Finnish Ä or Ö etc.
file_handle = open("mynotes.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8")

# get the new text from user
text = input("Write your message:\n")

# write the user's text at the end of the file
# and add a new line in the end (so that our
# data will place all new messages in their own rows)
file_handle.write(text + "\n")

# let's close the file connection (good practice)
file_handle.close()

print("Thank you for using our service.")

# NEW TEXT FILE: app_data.json , contents:

{
  "name": "Rovaniemi",
  "population": 62933,
  "county": "Lapland"
}

# NEW FILE

import json

# open the file and load the raw JSON data into a variable
file_handle = open("app_data.json", "r")
content = file_handle.read()
file_handle.close()

# content is just the raw JSON in string format
# JSON doesn't look like it, but it's actually text/string

# convert the raw JSON => Python data format
# after this, we can use city -variable
# as any other normal dictionary
city = json.loads(content)

# you can use this to see that JSON is actually
# just a string
# import var_dump as vd
# vd.var_dump(content)
# vd.var_dump(content)
# print()
# vd.var_dump(city)

print("City details:")
print("-------------")
print(f"Name: {city['name']}")
print(f"Population: {city['population']}")
print(f"County / Municipality: {city['county']}")

# NEW FILE

import json

# this is our data in our code, dictionary
phone = {
    "name": "Nokia 3310",
    "release_year": 2000,
    "battery": "1000mAh",
    "camera": False,
    "weight": 133
}

# we have to convert the complex Python data format into
# raw JSON format (which is basically just text (serialization))
# you can "prettify" the JSON data by using indent-parameter
# e.g. content = json.dumps(phone, indent=2)
content = json.dumps(phone)

# since content-variable is just text (JSON)
# we can just save it to a file
# always use w-mode with JSON data
# since a-mode will break the syntax of JSON
# making the data unusable
file_handle = open("myphone.json", "w")
file_handle.write(content)
file_handle.close()

print("Thank you for adding your phone!")

# NEW TEXT FILE, cities.json, contents:

[
  {
    "name": "Finland",
    "population": 5556146,
    "capital": "Helsinki"
  },
  {
    "name": "Sweden",
    "population": 10402070,
    "capital": "Stockholm"
  },
  {
    "name": "France",
    "population": 67413000,
    "capital": "Paris"
  }
]

# NEW FILE

import json

# open the raw JSON data -> r-mode
file_handle = open("cities.json", "r")
content = file_handle.read()
file_handle.close()

# load all the countries in the file
# into a list of dictionaries
countries = json.loads(content)

# since our data is a list of dictionaries
for country in countries:
    # print(f"{country['name']})
    print(f"{country['name']} ({country['capital']}) - population: {country['population']}")

# NEW TEXT FILE: americancities.json , contents:

[
  {
    "name": "Los Angeles",
    "population": 3898747,
    "state": "California"
  },
  {
    "name": "Miami",
    "population": 6166488,
    "state": "Florida"
  },
  {
    "name": "Denver",
    "population": 715522,
    "state": "Colorado"
  }
]

# NEW FILE

import json

# PART 1: load up the original data and show the contents

file_handle = open("americancities.json", "r")
content = file_handle.read()
file_handle.close()

# convert raw JSON into Python format
cities = json.loads(content)

# print the contents of the list
for city in cities:
    print(city['name'])
    print(city['state'])
    print(city['population'])
    print()

print("--------------------------")

# PART 2: build a new city based on user's inputs

# gather three variables from user
city_name = input("New city, name:\n")

# population as integer
city_population = input("New city, population:\n")
city_population = int(city_population)

city_state = input("New city, state:\n")

# finally create a new dictionary based on the variables
new_city = {
    "name": city_name,
    "population": city_population,
    "state": city_state
}

# after we have a new dictionary => add the dictionary
# into the list of cities
cities.append(new_city)

# PART 3: save the new version of the cities list
# into the JSON file (override)
json_data = json.dumps(cities, indent=2)

# save the new version back into the file
file_handle = open("americancities.json", "w")
file_handle.write(json_data)
file_handle.close()

print("Thank you for adding a new city into the data!")