# lecture 6.10.2023 - string manipulation and error handling
print("Welcome!")

# NEW FILE

# " and ' do the same thing -> define as string
# we can mix " and ' if we first start with " and then use ',
# or other way around
name = 'John "Supercoder" Doe'

# this also possible
name = "John 'Supercoder' Doe"

# if you literally need to print a double quotation mark
# you can use \" => escape character for quotation mark
name = "John \"Supercoder\" Doe"

print(name)

# NEW FILE

# test variable
text = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"

# from first character to 10th
subtext1 = text[0:10]
print(subtext1)

# from sixth charater to 15th
subtext2 = text[5:15]
print(subtext2)

# take last 6 characters (- => go the other way, starting from end)
subtext3 = text[-6:]
print(subtext3)

# start from 11th character, and take all the rest what is left
subtext4 = text[10:]
print(subtext4)

# NEW FILE

# ask user for some text
text = input("Give some text:\n")

# shorten the text and add ... in the end
text = text[0:20] + "..."
print(text)

# NEW FILE

years = "2023-2022-2021-2020-2019-2018-"

# this is handy:
# start from 1st character until the second last character (-1)
years_modified = years[0:-1]

print(years)
print(years_modified)

# NEW FILE

text = input("Write a sentence:\n")

# length => how many characters in this variable
# note: spaces are also characters
text_length = len(text)

print(f"Text has {text_length} characters in total.")

# how many lowercase "a" we have in the text
# note: uppercase "A" is a completely different letter in programming languages
a_letters = text.count("a")
print(f"a-letters in the text: {a_letters}")

# if text is over 30 characters => long text, otherwise => short text
if text_length > 30:
    print("Long text!")
else:
    print("Short text...")

# sometimes we need to react, if text is empty or not
# if length == 0 => empty
if text_length == 0:
    print("You gave an empty text...")

# NEW FILE

text = "Rovaniemi"

# this logic is a bit funky in Python
# basically we select everything from start to finish
# but use -1 as the third parameter => we search the string the wrong way
# => this flips the string reversed
reversed_text = text[::-1]
print(reversed_text)

# NEW FILE

text = input("Give text:\n")

# this logic is a bit funky in Python
# basically we select everything from start to finish
# but use -1 as the third parameter => we search the string the wrong way
# => this flips the string reversed
reversed_text = text[::-1]
print(reversed_text)

# NEW FILE

# our test data
drinks = "water, milk, coffee, tea, water"

# replace water with "wine"
# if you only want to replace the first occurence
# try: drinks.replace("water", "wine", 1)
drinks = drinks.replace("water", "wine")
print(drinks)
print()

# we can also replace a character with a newline
new_drinks = drinks.replace(", ", "\n")
print(new_drinks)
print()

usertext = input("What would you like to drink?\n")

# to check if user's text is inside another text
if usertext in drinks:
    print("Drink found!")
else:
    print("We don't have that, sorry!")

# NEW FILE

text = input("Give either a number, or text:\n")

# if text.isnumeric() is same as if text.isnumeric() == True
# the application now has two lanes
# depending on if user gave a numeric value or text value
# this works only for integers, if user gave a decimal:
# try replacing "." with ""
if text.isnumeric():
    print("You gave a number!")
    number = int(text)
    number = number * 2
    print(number)
else:
    print("You gave text.")

# NEW FILE

# ask user who they are
choice = input("Student or adult? (s/a)\n")

# force the user's choice to be always lowercase
choice = choice.lower()

# now this should work with s, S, a and A
if choice == "s":
    print("Student")
elif choice == "a":
    print("Adult!")
else:
    print("Incorrect selection")

# NEW FILE

try:
    # all the code that has the potential to crash
    # goes inside the try-block
    number = input("Give a number:\n")
    number = int(number)

    print(f"Your number: {number}")
except ValueError:
    # handle the error situation here (print error message)
    print("You wrote text! Please run the application again!")

# NEW FILE

try:
    # all the code that has the potential to crash
    # goes inside the try-block
    number = input("Give a number:\n")
    number = int(number)

    divided = 100 / number

    print(f"Your number: {number}")
    print(divided)
except ValueError:
    # handle the error situation here (print error message)
    print("You wrote text! Please run the application again!")
except ZeroDivisionError:
    # we also have to take care of this since ValueError doesn't help
    print("You can't divide by zero!")

# NEW FILE

try:
    # all the code that has the potential to crash
    # goes inside the try-block
    number = input("Give a number:\n")
    number = int(number)

    divided = 100 / number

    print(f"Your number: {number}")
    print(divided)
except Exception as e:
    # generic error message from Python
    print("Error:" + str(e))

# NEW FILE

# this example combines everything: conditional statements,
# string operations and error management

# INSTRUCTIONS: create an application, that checks if the given
# client identifier is in correct format (imagein: phone operators etc.)
# example client identifier = C1234_2345

# logic: client identifier is ALWAYS 10 characters long, sixth letter is always
# underscore,

# let's use try/except just in case
# C1234_2345

try:
    # ask user for a client identifier
    client = input("Give a client identifier:\n")

    text_length = len(client)

    # check that the length is exactly 10
    if text_length != 10:
        print("Client identifier, incorrect length (10 required).")
    elif client[5] != "_":
        # sixth character has to be underscore
        print("Underscore missing in client identifier.")
    else:
        # split the identifier into client and order number
        identifier = client[0:5]
        order = client[6:10]

        # convert order number to in
        order = int(order)

        print(identifier)
        print(order)

        # if the conditions above were OK, we will finally arrive
        # this else-statement
        print("Identier OK!")

except Exception as e:
    # if something goes wrong, do this lastly
    # for example: C1234_HOLA
    print("Incorrect client identifier.")