#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
const int maxn=200005;
typedef long long ll;

int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;

    for(int y = 0; y < n; y++) {
        ll a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        ll result = 0;
        for(ll i = 32; i >= 0; i--) {
            if((a & (1LL << i)) == (b & (1LL << i))) {
                result |= (a & (1LL << i));
            }
            else {
                break;
            }
        }
        cout << result << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}