Hashes & Arrays

# Hashes are sort of like JavaScript objects or Python dictionaries in storing key value pairs.

# 1st way to create hashes
pets = {
  "Stevie" => "cat",
  "Bowser" => "hamster",
  "Kevin Sorbo" => "fish"
}

# print pets hashes using .each
pets.each { |x, y| puts "#{x}: #{y}" }

# 2nd way to create using the Hash keyword with new
fruits = Hash.new
fruits["red"] = "apple"  # add each key value pair individually
fruits["green"] = "pear"
fruits["yellow"] = "mango"

# print using .each and do
# When iterating over hashes, we need two placeholder variables to represent each key/value pair.
fruits.each do |color, fruit|
  puts "#{color}: #{fruit}"
end

# Array type 1
languages = ["HTML", "CSS", "JavaScript", "Python", "Ruby"]

languages.each{ |element| puts element}

# Array type 2 - 2D form
s = [["ham", "swiss"], ["turkey", "cheddar"], ["roast beef", "gruyere"]]

# to print each element in each sub array, put them inside the curly brackets
s.each{ |sub_array|
  sub_array.each {|x|
    puts x
  }
}