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Looking directly at a welding arc can cause serious damage to your eyes. Here are the primary risks:

 1. Arc Eye (Photokeratitis)
- Description: Arc eye, also known as welder's flash or photokeratitis, is a painful condition similar to sunburn, but it affects the corneas of the eyes.
- Symptoms: These can include pain, redness, tearing, sensitivity to light, and a sensation of having sand in the eyes. Symptoms typically appear several hours after exposure.
- Duration: The condition usually heals within a few days, but it can be very painful.

 2. Retinal Damage
- Description: The intense ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation from a welding arc can cause damage to the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye.
- Symptoms: This can lead to blurred vision, blind spots, or even permanent vision loss if the exposure is severe enough.
- Long-term Risk: Prolonged or repeated exposure can increase the risk of long-term vision problems.

 3. Burns
- Description: The intense light from a welding arc can also cause burns on the skin, particularly on the face and neck if not properly protected.
- Symptoms: Redness, swelling, and blistering of the skin.

 4. Prevention
- Protective Gear: Always wear proper protective gear when welding, including a welding helmet with the appropriate shade of filter lens to block UV and IR radiation. Safety glasses with side shields are also recommended under the helmet.
- Protective Clothing: Wear protective clothing to cover exposed skin and reduce the risk of burns.
- Environmental Safety: Ensure that bystanders or other workers nearby are also protected or shielded from the welding arc.

 5. Immediate Actions if Exposed
- Seek Medical Attention: If you experience symptoms of arc eye or suspect retinal damage, seek medical attention immediately.
- Avoid Further Exposure: Do not expose your eyes to bright lights and wear sunglasses to reduce discomfort from light sensitivity.
- Rest and Recovery: Rest your eyes and avoid activities that could strain them further until symptoms subside.

In summary, looking directly at a welding arc is extremely hazardous and can lead to severe eye injuries. Always use appropriate protective equipment and take necessary precautions to avoid exposure.