Vector

                                //Vector
                            //===============


// Declaration
//=============
    vector <int> v;         // Vector of Size Zero of 'int' type
    vector <double> v;      // Vector of Size Zero of 'double' type
    vector <int> v(N);      // Vector of Size 'N' initialized with all '0'
    vector <int> v(N,x);    // Vector of Size 'N' initialized with all 'x'


// Some References
//=================
    v.begin();  // Address of the first element
    v.end();    // Address *after the last element, not the last element

    v.data();   // Address of the first element, C-style pointer


// Access Data
//=============
    v.front();      // First Element
    v.back();       // Last Element

    //'i'th Index
    v[i];           // Direct Method
    v.at(i);        // STD Style

    int* p = v.data();  // Return the pointer like arrays in C
    p[i];               // C-Style (Efficient)


// Input Data
//============
    v.push_back(x);             // Insert item 'x' at the end
    v.insert(v.begin(), x);     // Insert 'x' at the beginning
    v.insert(v.begin()+i, x);   // Insert 'x' at the 'i'th index
    v.insert(v.begin()+i, n, x);// Insert 'n' copies of 'x' at the 'i'th index


// Delete Data
//=============
    v.pop_back();                       // Deletes the last item
    v.erase(v.begin());                 // Deletes the first element
    v.erase(v.begin()+i);               // Deletes the 'i'th indexed element
    v.erase(v.begin()+i, v.begin()+j);  // Deletes from index 'i' to 'j-1'
    v.erase(v.begin()+i, v.end);        // Deletes from index 'i' to end
    v.clear();                          // Clears the whole Vector


// Miscellaneous Functions
//=========================
    v.size();   // return the size of the vector
    v.empty();  // return 'true' if empty, returns 'false' if non-empty

    sort(v.begin(), v.end());       //sorts the vector in ascending order
    reverse(v.begin(), v.end());    //reverse the vector

    swap(v, w);     // Swaps the vectors 'v' and 'w'


// Iterations
//============

    // Declaration of Iterators
    vector <int>::iterator it;  // 'int' type iterator

    // Printing All elements using Iterators
    for(vector <int>::iterator it=v.begin(); it!=v.end(); it++){
        cout << *it << " ";
    }

    // Using 'auto' keyword
    for(auto it=v.begin(); it!=v.end(); it++){
        cout << *it << " ";
    }

    // Loop Iterator (Shortcut Method)
    for(auto it:v){
        cout << it << " "; // Note: here 'it' is a value, not a pointer.
    }