There are many type of cables and wires for trasmitting
information we can categorize those by
Open wires wich are less common nowdays  cheap and effective but with many maintinance and security problem

untwisted Pairs for short distance
cheap but with many problem such cross talk and false noise

twisted pairs the most common nowdays
 higher distance than untwisted
AND capable of hi-speed comunication
and then reinforced from avoiding external noise by adding a ground shield

coaxial cable. common for television, radio, ethernet connection
with langer disance than twisted pair


Optical fiber....

cladding reflect the light into the core
buffer cloating witch protect the cambl is the external part






An information start from electrical energy and
if we want to to send information through the cables we need to convert the information to an electrical to analuge or digital information tgen trasmitted through electrical wave whic
is combinition of electric and magnetic components

these wave can be defined by three propety,
amplitudine witch is the height of the wave mesurade by his peak
wavelenght witch is the lenght of the wave wich is the distance between two part of a wave
frequancy witch are the complete wave in a second and is mesured with heartz

then we can regruopped according to it's frequancy and wavelenght, creating a spectrum
the propety are invariable trogh different cables and electromagnetic waves need no mmaterial for trasimssion