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- An A-Z Index of the Bash command line for Linux
- a
- alias Create an alias •
- apropos Search Help manual pages (man -k)
- apt-get Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
- aptitude Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
- aspell Spell Checker
- awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
- b
- basename Strip directory and suffix from filenames
- bash GNU Bourne-Again SHell
- bc Arbitrary precision calculator language
- bg Send to background
- break Exit from a loop •
- builtin Run a shell builtin
- bzip2 Compress or decompress named file(s)
- c
- cal Display a calendar
- case Conditionally perform a command
- cat Concatenate and print (display) the content of files
- cd Change Directory
- cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
- chgrp Change group ownership
- chmod Change access permissions
- chown Change file owner and group
- chroot Run a command with a different root directory
- chkconfig System services (runlevel)
- cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts
- clear Clear terminal screen
- cmp Compare two files
- comm Compare two sorted files line by line
- command Run a command - ignoring shell functions •
- continue Resume the next iteration of a loop •
- cp Copy one or more files to another location
- cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands
- crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
- csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
- cut Divide a file into several parts
- d
- date Display or change the date & time
- dc Desk Calculator
- dd Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
- ddrescue Data recovery tool
- declare Declare variables and give them attributes •
- df Display free disk space
- diff Display the differences between two files
- diff3 Show differences among three files
- dig DNS lookup
- dir Briefly list directory contents
- dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
- dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
- dirs Display list of remembered directories
- dmesg Print kernel & driver messages
- du Estimate file space usage
- e
- echo Display message on screen •
- egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
- eject Eject removable media
- enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands •
- env Environment variables
- ethtool Ethernet card settings
- eval Evaluate several commands/arguments
- exec Execute a command
- exit Exit the shell
- expect Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
- expand Convert tabs to spaces
- export Set an environment variable
- expr Evaluate expressions
- f
- false Do nothing, unsuccessfully
- fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
- fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
- fg Send job to foreground
- fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
- file Determine file type
- find Search for files that meet a desired criteria
- fmt Reformat paragraph text
- fold Wrap text to fit a specified width.
- for Expand words, and execute commands
- format Format disks or tapes
- free Display memory usage
- fsck File system consistency check and repair
- ftp File Transfer Protocol
- function Define Function Macros
- fuser Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file
- g
- gawk Find and Replace text within file(s)
- getopts Parse positional parameters
- grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
- groupadd Add a user security group
- groupdel Delete a group
- groupmod Modify a group
- groups Print group names a user is in
- gzip Compress or decompress named file(s)
- h
- hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument
- head Output the first part of file(s)
- help Display help for a built-in command •
- history Command History
- hostname Print or set system name
- i
- iconv Convert the character set of a file
- id Print user and group id's
- if Conditionally perform a command
- ifconfig Configure a network interface
- ifdown Stop a network interface
- ifup Start a network interface up
- import Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
- install Copy files and set attributes
- j
- jobs List active jobs •
- join Join lines on a common field
- k
- kill Stop a process from running
- killall Kill processes by name
- l
- less Display output one screen at a time
- let Perform arithmetic on shell variables •
- ln Make links between files
- local Create variables •
- locate Find files
- logname Print current login name
- logout Exit a login shell •
- look Display lines beginning with a given string
- lpc Line printer control program
- lpr Off line print
- lprint Print a file
- lprintd Abort a print job
- lprintq List the print queue
- lprm Remove jobs from the print queue
- ls List information about file(s)
- lsof List open files
- m
- make Recompile a group of programs
- man Help manual
- mkdir Create new folder(s)
- mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)
- mkisofs Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
- mknod Make block or character special files
- more Display output one screen at a time
- mount Mount a file system
- mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files
- mtr Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)
- mv Move or rename files or directories
- mmv Mass Move and rename (files)
- n
- netstat Networking information
- nice Set the priority of a command or job
- nl Number lines and write files
- nohup Run a command immune to hangups
- notify-send Send desktop notifications
- nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
- o
- open Open a file in its default application
- op Operator access
- p
- passwd Modify a user password
- paste Merge lines of files
- pathchk Check file name portability
- ping Test a network connection
- pkill Stop processes from running
- popd Restore the previous value of the current directory
- pr Prepare files for printing
- printcap Printer capability database
- printenv Print environment variables
- printf Format and print data •
- ps Process status
- pushd Save and then change the current directory
- pwd Print Working Directory
- q
- quota Display disk usage and limits
- quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
- quotactl Set disk quotas
- r
- ram ram disk device
- rcp Copy files between two machines
- read Read a line from standard input •
- readarray Read from stdin into an array variable •
- readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
- reboot Reboot the system
- rename Rename files
- renice Alter priority of running processes
- remsync Synchronize remote files via email
- return Exit a shell function
- rev Reverse lines of a file
- rm Remove files
- rmdir Remove folder(s)
- rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
- s
- screen Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
- scp Secure copy (remote file copy)
- sdiff Merge two files interactively
- sed Stream Editor
- select Accept keyboard input
- seq Print numeric sequences
- set Manipulate shell variables and functions
- sftp Secure File Transfer Program
- shift Shift positional parameters
- shopt Shell Options
- shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
- sleep Delay for a specified time
- slocate Find files
- sort Sort text files
- source Run commands from a file `.'
- split Split a file into fixed-size pieces
- ssh Secure Shell client (remote login program)
- strace Trace system calls and signals
- su Substitute user identity
- sudo Execute a command as another user
- sum Print a checksum for a file
- suspend Suspend execution of this shell •
- symlink Make a new name for a file
- sync Synchronize data on disk with memory
- t
- tail Output the last part of file
- tar Tape ARchiver
- tee Redirect output to multiple files
- test Evaluate a conditional expression
- time Measure Program running time
- times User and system times
- touch Change file timestamps
- top List processes running on the system
- traceroute Trace Route to Host
- trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
- tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
- true Do nothing, successfully
- tsort Topological sort
- tty Print filename of terminal on stdin
- type Describe a command •
- u
- ulimit Limit user resources •
- umask Users file creation mask
- umount Unmount a device
- unalias Remove an alias •
- uname Print system information
- unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
- uniq Uniquify files
- units Convert units from one scale to another
- unset Remove variable or function names
- unshar Unpack shell archive scripts
- until Execute commands (until error)
- uptime Show uptime
- useradd Create new user account
- userdel Delete a user account
- usermod Modify user account
- users List users currently logged in
- uuencode Encode a binary file
- uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
- v
- v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
- vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
- vi Text Editor
- vmstat Report virtual memory statistics
- w
- wait Wait for a process to complete •
- watch Execute/display a program periodically
- wc Print byte, word, and line counts
- whereis Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program
- which Search the user's $path for a program file
- while Execute commands
- who Print all usernames currently logged in
- whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
- wget Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
- write Send a message to another user
- x
- xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
- xdg-open Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application.
- yes Print a string until interrupted
- . Run a command script in the current shell
- !! Run the last command again
- ### Comment / Remark
- Commands marked • are bash built-ins, these are available under all shells.
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