#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <cassert>
#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

class Item {
    private:
        int id;
        static int lastId;
        static int aliveObjects;
        string name;
        double price;
        int amount;
    public:
        Item(string name, double price){
            init(name, price, 1);
        }
        Item(string name, double price, int amount){
            init(name, price, amount);
        }
        ~Item(){
            --aliveObjects;
        }
    private:
        void init(string name, double price, int amount){
            ++aliveObjects;
            setId();
            setName(name);
            setPrice(price);
            setAmount(amount);
        }
    public:
        static int getAliveObjects(){
            return aliveObjects;
        }
    private:
        void setId(){
            this->id = lastId++;
        }
    public:
        int getId(){
            return id;
        }
    private:
        void setName(string name){
            this->name = name;
        }

    public:
        string getName() {
            return name;
        }

        void setPrice(double price){
            if (price >= 0){
                this->price = price;
            } else {
                throw invalid_argument("Price cannot be negative");
            }
        }
        double getPrice(){
            return price;
        }

        void setAmount(int amount){
            if (amount >= 0){
                this->amount = amount;
            } else {
                throw invalid_argument("Amount cannot be negative");
            }
        }
        int getAmount(){
            return amount;
        }

        string toString(){
            stringstream ss;
            ss << getId() << " " << getName() << " " << getPrice() << " " << getAmount();
            return ss.str();
        }
};

int Item::lastId = 0;
int Item::aliveObjects = 0;

class ItemHandler {
    private:
        Item *item;
    public:
        ItemHandler(Item *item){
            this->item = item;
        }
        Item * get(){
            return this->item;
        }
        ~ItemHandler(){
            delete item;
        }
};

int main(){

    try {
        ItemHandler ih(new Item("Chocolate", 1.0));
        cout << ih.get()->toString() << endl;
        Item item1("Chocolate", 1.0);
        item1.setPrice(-1);
        cout << item1.toString() << endl;
    } catch(exception &e){
        cout << e.what() << endl;
    } catch(...){
        cout << "Unexpected error" << endl;
    }

    assert(Item::getAliveObjects() == 0);
    return 0;
}