SQL Cheat sheet

# MySQL Cheat Sheet
https://gist.github.com/bradtraversy/c831baaad44343cc945e76c2e30927b3

> Help with SQL commands to interact with a MySQL database

## MySQL Locations
* Mac             */usr/local/mysql/bin*
* Windows         */Program Files/MySQL/MySQL _version_/bin*
* Xampp           */xampp/mysql/bin*

## Add mysql to your PATH
# Current Session
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# Permanantly
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

On Windows - https://www.qualitestgroup.com/resources/knowledge-center/how-to-guide/add-mysql-path-windows/

## Login
mysql -u root -p

## Show Users
SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user;

## Create User
CREATE USER 'someuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'somepassword';

## Grant All Priveleges On All Databases
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO 'someuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

## Show Grants
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'someuser'@'localhost';

## Remove Grants
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM 'someuser'@'localhost';

## Delete User
DROP USER 'someuser'@'localhost';

## Exit
exit;

## Show Databases
SHOW DATABASES

## Create Database
CREATE DATABASE acme;

## Delete Database
DROP DATABASE acme;

## Select Database
USE acme;

## Create Table
CREATE TABLE users(
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
   first_name VARCHAR(100),
   last_name VARCHAR(100),
   email VARCHAR(50),
   password VARCHAR(20),
   location VARCHAR(100),
   dept VARCHAR(100),
   is_admin TINYINT(1),
   register_date DATETIME,
   PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

## Delete / Drop Table
DROP TABLE tablename;

## Show Tables
SHOW TABLES;

## Insert Row / Record
INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name, email, password, location, dept, is_admin, register_date) values ('Brad', 'Traversy', 'brad@gmail.com', '123456','Massachusetts', 'development', 1, now());

## Insert Multiple Rows
INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name, email, password, location, dept,  is_admin, register_date) values ('Fred', 'Smith', 'fred@gmail.com', '123456', 'New York', 'design', 0, now()), ('Sara', 'Watson', 'sara@gmail.com', '123456', 'New York', 'design', 0, now()),('Will', 'Jackson', 'will@yahoo.com', '123456', 'Rhode Island', 'development', 1, now()),('Paula', 'Johnson', 'paula@yahoo.com', '123456', 'Massachusetts', 'sales', 0, now()),('Tom', 'Spears', 'tom@yahoo.com', '123456', 'Massachusetts', 'sales', 0, now());

## Select
SELECT * FROM users;
SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users;

## Where Clause
SELECT * FROM users WHERE location='Massachusetts';
SELECT * FROM users WHERE location='Massachusetts' AND dept='sales';
SELECT * FROM users WHERE is_admin = 1;
SELECT * FROM users WHERE is_admin > 0;

## Delete Row
DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 6;

## Update Row
UPDATE users SET email = 'freddy@gmail.com' WHERE id = 2;

## Add New Column
ALTER TABLE users ADD age VARCHAR(3);

## Modify Column
ALTER TABLE users MODIFY COLUMN age INT(3);

## Order By (Sort)
SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY last_name ASC;
SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY last_name DESC;

## Concatenate Columns
SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) AS 'Name', dept FROM users;

## Select Distinct Rows
SELECT DISTINCT location FROM users;

## Between (Select Range)
SELECT * FROM users WHERE age BETWEEN 20 AND 25;

## Like (Searching)
SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept LIKE 'd%';
SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept LIKE 'dev%';
SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept LIKE '%t';
SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept LIKE '%e%';

## Not Like
SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept NOT LIKE 'd%';

## IN
SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept IN ('design', 'sales');

## Create & Remove Index
CREATE INDEX LIndex On users(location);
DROP INDEX LIndex ON users;

## New Table With Foreign Key (Posts)
CREATE TABLE posts(
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
   user_id INT,
   title VARCHAR(100),
   body TEXT,
   publish_date DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
   PRIMARY KEY(id),
   FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
);

## Add Data to Posts Table
INSERT INTO posts(user_id, title, body) VALUES (1, 'Post One', 'This is post one'),(3, 'Post Two', 'This is post two'),(1, 'Post Three', 'This is post three'),(2, 'Post Four', 'This is post four'),(5, 'Post Five', 'This is post five'),(4, 'Post Six', 'This is post six'),(2, 'Post Seven', 'This is post seven'),(1, 'Post Eight', 'This is post eight'),(3, 'Post Nine', 'This is post none'),(4, 'Post Ten', 'This is post ten');

## INNER JOIN
SELECT
  users.first_name,
  users.last_name,
  posts.title,
  posts.publish_date
FROM users
INNER JOIN posts
ON users.id = posts.user_id
ORDER BY posts.title;

## New Table With 2 Foriegn Keys
CREATE TABLE comments(
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
    post_id INT,
    user_id INT,
    body TEXT,
    publish_date DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    PRIMARY KEY(id),
    FOREIGN KEY(user_id) references users(id),
    FOREIGN KEY(post_id) references posts(id)
);

## Add Data to Comments Table
INSERT INTO comments(post_id, user_id, body) VALUES (1, 3, 'This is comment one'),(2, 1, 'This is comment two'),(5, 3, 'This is comment three'),(2, 4, 'This is comment four'),(1, 2, 'This is comment five'),(3, 1, 'This is comment six'),(3, 2, 'This is comment six'),(5, 4, 'This is comment seven'),(2, 3, 'This is comment seven');

## Left Join
SELECT
comments.body,
posts.title
FROM comments
LEFT JOIN posts ON posts.id = comments.post_id
ORDER BY posts.title;

## Join Multiple Tables
SELECT
comments.body,
posts.title,
users.first_name,
users.last_name
FROM comments
INNER JOIN posts on posts.id = comments.post_id
INNER JOIN users on users.id = comments.user_id
ORDER BY posts.title;

## Aggregate Functions
SELECT COUNT(id) FROM users;
SELECT MAX(age) FROM users;
SELECT MIN(age) FROM users;
SELECT SUM(age) FROM users;
SELECT UCASE(first_name), LCASE(last_name) FROM users;

## Group By
SELECT age, COUNT(age) FROM users GROUP BY age;
SELECT age, COUNT(age) FROM users WHERE age > 20 GROUP BY age;
SELECT age, COUNT(age) FROM users GROUP BY age HAVING count(age) >=2;