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When the Wayback Machine archives a YouTube link, it captures a snapshot of the web page as it appears at that moment, including the video player. However, it doesn't automatically download the video itself. Instead, it saves the web page, which means the video is still hosted on YouTube and accessed through the archived page.

As for the resolution, the Wayback Machine typically captures the video at the resolution it is displayed on the web page, which might be lower than the original upload resolution due to YouTube's adaptive streaming.

Regarding how long they keep it, the Wayback Machine stores archived web pages indefinitely, allowing users to access them at any time in the future.
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When you download a video using the Wayback Machine URL format, you're accessing the archived version of the YouTube page, which includes the video player. The video itself is still hosted on YouTube, so you're essentially downloading it directly from YouTube, even if the original link is no longer publicly available.