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Sodium benzoate is a preservative used in various foods and beverages to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and fungi. It works by converting to benzoic acid in acidic conditions, which inhibits microbial growth. Sodium benzoate is considered safe by regulatory agencies like the FDA when used in low concentrations (typically up to 0.1% in food).

However, some concerns arise when it is combined with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), as it may form small amounts of benzene, a known carcinogen. In general, it's deemed safe within regulated limits.